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Displayed records: 1 - 20 / 431.

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EF ID IPCC 1996IPCC 2006GasC pool Type of parameter Description Technologies / Practices Parameters / Conditions Region / Regional Conditions Abatement / Control Technologies Other propertiesValueUnitSource of data  Action
423967 
  • 4G - Other (please specify)
 
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 Modeled Fraction of N in discharged manure from total N excrection in livestock production systems (Frac leachMS) Liquid and solid manure management systems for dairy cattle, beef cattle, and pig farms. The spatial data of topography, soil texture, and land use were provided by the Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC) (http://www.resdc.cn). Spatial interpolation methods applied by RESDC were used to estimate the spatial distribution of annual mean temperature and annual precipitation. Based on the available data for counties, a range of parameters including annual precipitation, annual mean temperature, elevation, slope, soil texture, and rural income were examined for their quantitative relationships with N emissions to water at the whole basin level. We further explored the natural (slope and soil texture) and anthropogenic driving factors (planting structure and livestock density, meaning the ratio of livestock unit and arable land area.) in hill and plain areas, respectively. The Haihe Basin is located in the Northern China. It encompasses the two municipalities Beijing and Tianjin, most of Hebei Province, the eastern part of Shanxi Province, the northern parts of Henan and Shandong provinces, and small parts of Inner Mongolia and Liaoning Province.  A univariate linear regression model was used to do the analysis (Gu et al., 2013). Significant levels were set at P < 0.05. The regression and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) statistical software (v19.0). To quantify the N emissions to water, we constructed a grid-based NUFER model, based on Ma et al. (2010) and Bai et al. (2016). The main improvements in the grid-based NUFER model were following (1) the model considered detailed chemical fertilizer types (urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, compound fertilizer, and other), fertilization methods (basal and top dressing), and livestock manure management systems (liquid and solid subsystems for dairy cattle, beef cattle, and pig farms), based on a comprehensive farm interview covering 400 individual farms in 11 typical counties in the HB (Zhao et al., 2017b); (2) the model could quantify the N emissions to water in high resolution, via estimating gridded emission parameters. 33 % of N excreted Peer-reviewed journal 
329704 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Uncovered anaerobic lagoon. Animal category: Swine.    0.4 (0.25-0.75) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329705 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Liquid/Slurry (with natural crust cover). Animal category: Swine.    0.3 (0.09-0.36) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329706 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Liquid/Slurry (without natural crust cover). Animal category: Swine.    0.48 (0.15-0.6) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329707 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Liquid/Slurry (with cover). Animal category: Swine.    0.1 (0.03-0.12) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329708 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Pit storage below animal confinements. Animal category: Swine.    0.25 (0.15-0.3) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329709 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Daily spread. Animal category: Swine.    0.07 (0.05-0.6) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329710 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Solid storage (covered/compacted). Animal category: Swine.    0.22 (0.04-0.26) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329711 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Solid storage (bulking agent addition). Animal category: Swine.    0.58 (0.11-0.7) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329712 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Solid storage (additives). Animal category: Swine.    0.17 (0.03-0.21) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329713 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Solid storage. Animal category: Swine.    0.45 (0.1-0.65) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329714 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Dry lot. Animal category: Swine.    0.45 (0.1-0.65) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329715 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Anaerobic digester. Animal category: Swine.    0.05-0.5 fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329716 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Cattle and swine deep bedding. Animal category: Swine.    0.4 (0.1-0.6) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329717 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Composting (In-Vessel). Animal category: Swine.    0.6 (0.12-0.65) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329718 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Composting (Static Pile). Animal category: Swine.    0.65 (0.14-0.7) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329719 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Composting (Intensive Windrow). Animal category: Swine.    0.65 (0.14-0.7) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329720 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Composting (Passive Windrow). Animal category: Swine.    0.6 (0.12-0.65) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329721 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B8 - Swine
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Aerobic treatment (Forced aeration systems). Animal category: Swine.    0.85 (0.27-1) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
329722 
  • 4 - Agriculture
  • 4B - Manure Management
  • 4B1a - Dairy
 
  • 3 - Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Land Use
  • 3.C - Aggregate sources and non-CO2 emissions sources on land
  • 3.C.6 - Indirect N2O Emissions from manure management
 
  • NITROUS OXIDE
 		 2019 Refinement default Nitrogen loss due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx from manure management (FracGasMS) Manure management system: Uncovered anaerobic lagoon. Animal category: Dairy Cows.    0.35 (0.20 – 0.80) fraction 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4, Chapter 10, Table 10.22 - Default values for nitrogen loss fractions due to volatilisation of NH3 and NOx and leaching of nitrogen from manure management 
Gases
Gas nameFormulaSelect gas
CARBON DIOXIDE CO2 
METHANE CH4 
NITROUS OXIDE N2O 
Fuels 2006
Fuel 2006
Crude Oil 
Orimulsion 
Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) 
Motor Gasoline 
Aviation Gasoline 
Jet Gasoline 
Jet Kerosene 
Other Kerosene 
Shale Oil 
Gas Oil 
Diesel Oil 
Residual Fuel Oil 
Liquefied Petroleum Gases 
Ethane 
Naphtha 
Bitumen 
Lubricants 
Petroleum Coke 
Refinery Feedstocks 
Refinery Gas 
Waxes 
White Spirit & SBP 
Other Petroleum Products 
Anthracite 
Coking Coal 
Other Bituminous Coal 
Sub-Bituminous Coal 
Lignite 
Oil Shale and Tar Sands 
Brown Coal Briquettes 
Patent Fuel 
Coke Oven Coke and Lignite Coke 
Gas Coke 
Coal Tar 
Gas Works Gas 
Coke Oven Gas 
Blast Furnace Gas 
Oxygen Steel Furnace Gas 
Undifferentiated Coal 
Natural Gas 
Municipal Wastes (non-biomass fraction) 
Industrial Wastes 
Waste Oils 
Peat 
Wood/Wood Waste 
Sulphite Lyes (Black Liquor) 
Other Primary Solid Biomass 
Charcoal 
Biogasoline 
Biodiesels 
Bio-Alcohol 
Sewage Sludge 
Other Liquid Biofuels 
Landfill Gas 
Sludge Gas 
Other Biogas 
Municipal Wastes (biomass fraction) 
Fuel mixtures (fossil and biomass) 
C pools
Above-ground biomass (AGB)
Below-ground biomass (BGB)
Litter (L)
Dead wood (DW)
Soil organic matter - mineral soils (SOM mineral)
Soil organic matter - organic soils (SOM organic)
Harvested wood products (HWP)
Classified otherwise
Table columns
IPCC 1996
IPCC 2006
Gas
Fuel
C pool
Type of parameter
Description
Technologies / Practices
Parameters / Conditions
Region / Regional Conditions
Abatement / Control Technologies
Other properties
Value
Unit
Equation
IPCC Worksheet
Source of data
Technical Reference
Data provider
IPCC Default Data
1996 IPCC default
1996 & 2006 IPCC default
2006 IPCC default
2013 WS default
2013 KP default
2019 Refinement default
Other (non-default) Data
Measured
Modeled
Other (e.g. compiled)
Regions
Asia
Africa
Latin America and Caribbean
North America
Oceania
Europe
Countries
Asia
  Afghanistan
  Armenia
  Azerbaijan
  Bahrain
  Bangladesh
  Bhutan
  Brunei Darussalam
  Cambodia
  China
  China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
  China, Macao Special Administrative Region
  Christmas Island
  Democratic People's Republic of Korea
  Georgia
  India
  Indonesia
  Iran
  Iraq
  Israel
  Japan
  Jordan
  Kazakhstan
  Kuwait
  Kyrgyzstan
  Lao People's Democratic Republic
  Lebanon
  Malaysia
  Maldives
  Mongolia
  Myanmar
  Nepal
  Oman
  Pakistan
  Philippines
  Qatar
  Republic of Korea
  Saudi Arabia
  Singapore
  Sri Lanka
  State of Palestine
  Syrian Arab Republic
  Tajikistan
  Thailand
  Timor-Leste
  Türkiye
  Turkmenistan
  United Arab Emirates
  Uzbekistan
  Viet Nam
  Yemen
Africa
  Algeria
  Angola
  Benin
  Botswana
  Burkina Faso
  Burundi
  Cabo Verde
  Cameroon
  Central African Republic
  Chad
  Comoros
  Congo
  Côte d’Ivoire
  Democratic Republic of the Congo
  Djibouti
  Egypt
  Equatorial Guinea
  Eritrea
  Eswatini
  Ethiopia
  Gabon
  Gambia
  Ghana
  Guinea
  Guinea-Bissau
  Kenya
  Lesotho
  Liberia
  Libya
  Madagascar
  Malawi
  Mali
  Mauritania
  Mauritius
  Mayotte
  Morocco
  Mozambique
  Namibia
  Niger
  Nigeria
  Réunion
  Rwanda
  Saint Helena
  Sao Tome and Principe
  Senegal
  Seychelles
  Sierra Leone
  Somalia
  South Africa
  South Sudan
  Sudan
  Togo
  Tunisia
  Uganda
  United Republic of Tanzania
  Western Sahara
  Zambia
  Zimbabwe
Latin America and Caribbean
  Anguilla
  Antigua and Barbuda
  Argentina
  Aruba
  Bahamas
  Barbados
  Belize
  Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
  Bonaire, Saint Eustatius and Saba
  Brazil
  British Virgin Islands
  Cayman Islands
  Chile
  Colombia
  Costa Rica
  Cuba
  Curaçao
  Dominica
  Dominican Republic
  Ecuador
  El Salvador
  Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
  French Guiana
  Grenada
  Guadeloupe
  Guatemala
  Guyana
  Haiti
  Honduras
  Jamaica
  Martinique
  Mexico
  Montserrat
  Nicaragua
  Panama
  Paraguay
  Peru
  Puerto Rico
  Saint Barthélemy
  Saint Kitts and Nevis
  Saint Lucia
  Saint Martin (French part)
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  Sint Maarten (Dutch part)
  Suriname
  Trinidad and Tobago
  Turks and Caicos Islands
  United States Virgin Islands
  Uruguay
  Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
North America
  Bermuda
  Canada
  Greenland
  Saint Pierre and Miquelon
  United States Minor Outlying Islands
  United States of America
Oceania
  American Samoa
  Australia
  Bouvet Island
  British Indian Ocean Territory
  Cocos (Keeling) Islands
  Cook Islands
  Fiji
  French Polynesia
  French Southern Territories
  Guam
  Heard Island and McDonald Islands
  Kiribati
  Marshall Islands
  Micronesia (Federated States of)
  Nauru
  New Caledonia
  New Zealand
  Niue
  Norfolk Island
  Northern Mariana Islands
  Palau
  Papua New Guinea
  Pitcairn
  Samoa
  Solomon Islands
  South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
  Tokelau
  Tonga
  Tuvalu
  Vanuatu
  Wallis and Futuna Islands
Europe
  Åland Islands
  Albania
  Andorra
  Austria
  Belarus
  Belgium
  Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Bulgaria
  Croatia
  Cyprus
  Czechia
  Denmark
  Estonia
  Faroe Islands
  Finland
  France
  Germany
  Gibraltar
  Greece
  Guernsey
  Holy See
  Hungary
  Iceland
  Ireland
  Isle of Man
  Italy
  Jersey
  Latvia
  Liechtenstein
  Lithuania
  Luxembourg
  Malta
  Monaco
  Montenegro
  Netherlands
  North Macedonia
  Norway
  Poland
  Portugal
  Republic of Moldova
  Romania
  Russian Federation
  San Marino
  Sark
  Serbia
  Slovakia
  Slovenia
  Spain
  Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
  Sweden
  Switzerland
  Ukraine
  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland