| Active Filters |
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| 621682 | - 6D - Other (please specify)
| - 4.E - Other (please specify)
| | Modeled | Direct global warming factors (GWF) for material recovery from plastic waste by substitution of virgin plastic and wood. | The global warming factor (GWF), expresses the potential contribution to global warming as CO2-eq. tonne–1 plastic waste wet weight (ww). GWFs are positive in the case of contributions to global warming and negative in the case of savings. | Material recycling for substitution of virgin/primary plastic requires the different plastic types to be collected separatelyto obtain a secondary plastic product of a suitable quality. Contaminants and additives may complicate the recycling process if not hinder it totally, making the plastic waste moresuitable for energy utilization than material recycling. Most recycling processes involve losses, either material losses or loss of material quality. Material loss is due to impurities in the waste stream (e.g. other waste materials than the plastic of interest: paper, glass, metals, etc.). The magnitude of this loss depends on the purity of the collected plastic and is represented by the materials separated out from the collected waste plastic in the MRF. If the plastic waste is more contaminated or inhomogeneous 10% is recommended here as a default value. The tensile and breaking strength are for some secondary plastics not as high as for primary plastic, which may lead to a need for extra secondary plastic in the final products to obtain a quality identical with products of primary plastic. If the recovered plastic is used as an admixture in the production of primary plastic there may be no loss at all. The calculation is based on recycling of packaging aste (HD-PE boxes). The processes included in the MRF are: grinding of collected plastic waste (to granu+B10late), friction wash of granulate, drying and wastewater treatment. Frees (2002) assumed melting of the plastic to be unnecessary in this case, as both the purity and material thickness of the waste fraction were relatively high. In order to obtain the overall GWF for recycling of the above HD-PE packaging waste, the GHG emissions related to treatment of HD-PE plastic waste at the MRF should be subtracted from the GHG emissions related to virgin HD-PE plastic production. Two general alternatives were calculated to illustrate the consequences of a low (0%) and high (20%) loss of material quality. In both alternatives a material loss of 3% was assumed. | Denmark | | The quality of the recycled plastic may not allow substitution of virgin plastic, instead substitution of wood or concrete may be relevant. The recycled plastic can be turned into a wood-like product, also referred to as recycled plastic lumber (RPL). In this paper, the treated plastic waste (i.e. granulate) was assumed to replace virgin wood with a substitution ratio of 1 : 1 based on weight. The treatment at the MRF was considered similar to that applied in the calculations for substitution of virgin plastic. Note that GHG emissions from biomass combustion were not included in the calculations of GHG emissions as they were here considered neutral. Considering a 1 : 1 substitution ratio and no loss of quality, a material loss in the MRF of 3%. | 0-60 | kg CO2-eq./tonne ww | Peer-reviewed journal | |
| 621683 | - 6D - Other (please specify)
| - 4.E - Other (please specify)
| | Modeled | Direct global warming factors (GWF) for material recovery from plastic waste by substitution of hard coal and fuel oil. | The global warming factor (GWF), expresses the potential contribution to global warming as CO2-eq. tonne–1 plastic waste wet weight (ww). GWFs are positive in the case of contributions to global warming and negative in the case of savings. | The processing of plastic waste for energy utilization requires a range of unit operations to produce a high-quality energy product with a high-energy content, low chlorine content to avoid corrosion, and low contents of foreign objects in order to enhance the quality of the by-products (ashes etc.) from the combustion process. The PVC content of plastic waste should be kept low as chlorine constitutes about 40 to 60% of the weight of PVC. As the PVC content can vary considerably depending on the type of plastic waste, collection system, etc. this loss was not included in the calculations in this paper and all plastic was assumed to enter the cement kiln (i.e. no material loss was assumed). | Denmark | | | 0-27 | kg CO2-eq./tonne ww | Peer-reviewed journal | |
| 622374 | - 6D - Other (please specify)
| - 4.E - Other (please specify)
| | Other (e.g. compiled) | CH4 emission factor for composting | Composting of kitchen waste | | Germany | | | 2.5 | kg CH4/Mg kitchen waste | National Inventory Report (Annex I) | |
| 622375 | - 6D - Other (please specify)
| - 4.E - Other (please specify)
| | Other (e.g. compiled) | N2O emission factor for composting | Composting of kitchen waste | | Germany | | | 83 | g N2O/Mg kitchen waste | National Inventory Report (Annex I) | |
| 622376 | - 6D - Other (please specify)
| - 4.E - Other (please specify)
| | Other (e.g. compiled) | CH4 emission factor for composting | Composting of plant waste | | Germany | | | 3.36 | kg CH4/Mg plant waste | National Inventory Report (Annex I) | |
| 622377 | - 6D - Other (please specify)
| - 4.E - Other (please specify)
| | Other (e.g. compiled) | N2O emission factor for composting | Composting of plant waste | | Germany | | | 60.3 | g N2O/Mg plant waste | National Inventory Report (Annex I) | |
| 622404 | - 6D - Other (please specify)
| - 4.E - Other (please specify)
| | Other (e.g. compiled) | CO2 emission factor for synthetic alcohol discharged into wastewater treatment facilities and into the environment | | | Japan | | | 2838 | kgCO2/t | National Inventory Report (Annex I) | |
| 622405 | - 6D - Other (please specify)
| - 4.E - Other (please specify)
| | Other (e.g. compiled) | CO2 emission factor for alkyl benzene discharged into wastewater treatment facilities and into the environment | | | Japan | | | 3220 | kgCO2/t | National Inventory Report (Annex I) | |
| 622406 | - 6D - Other (please specify)
| - 4.E - Other (please specify)
| | Other (e.g. compiled) | CO2 emission factor for alkyl phenol into wastewater treatment facilities and into the environment | | | Japan | | | 3000 | kgCO2/t | National Inventory Report (Annex I) | |
| 622407 | - 6D - Other (please specify)
| - 4.E - Other (please specify)
| | Other (e.g. compiled) | CO2 emission factor for ethylene oxide discharged into wastewater treatment facilities and into the environment | | | Japan | | | 2000 | kgCO2/t | National Inventory Report (Annex I) | |
