2019 Refinement

 

 

2019 Refinement
Volume 3
correction implemented
Volume 3, Chapter 3, pages 3.28 and 3.71, Tables 3.28b and 3A1.12	Added footnote to the Tables 3.28b and 3A1.12: "Due to rounding, the sum of individual items will not equal 100%"
Volume 3, Chapter 3, page 3.43	Deleted bracket in  "ECO2 = emissions of CO2, tonne)"
Volume 3, Chapter 3, page 3.54, Table 3A.1.2	Corrected Table 3A.1.2 to the right table (see sheet "Table 3A.1.2)
Volume 3, Chapter 3, page 3.68, Table 3A.1.11	Corrected Table 3A.1.11 (as shown in sheet "Table 3.A.1.11")
Volume 3, Chapter 3, page 3.71, Table 3A.1.12	Corrected Table 3A.1.12, (as shown in sheet "Table 3.A.1.12")
Volume 3, Chapter 4, page 4.31	Corrected "ton" to "tonnes" in Table 4.2b
Volume 3, Chapter 4, page 4.84	Box corrected replacing equation:   with the chemical formulas:
Volume 3, Chapter 7, page 7.29	Corrected to "The amount of HFCs in retired equipment is normally estimated based on average charge and the share of chemical remaining according to Table 7.9 and equation 7.14. "
Volume 3, Chapter 7, page 7.38	Corrected to "Assuming that the MAC is serviced the year before it is disposed, and that the annual nominal charge is estimated, this is easily calculated as p = 1 – nominal charge.  In our example, p = 1 – 15 % = 0.85."
Volume 4
correction implemented
Volume 4, Chapter 1, page 1.5	Corrected to "and this 2019 Refinement"
Volume 4, Chapter 1, page 1.16, Figure 1.4	Moved categories 3D1 and 3D2 under 3D
Volume 4, Chapter 2, page 2.4, Figure 4Ap.1	Corrected regression equation in Figure 4Ap.1 to: "Fpermp = 0.001(T) + 0.251"
Volume 4, Chapter 3, page 3.5	Corrected to “Approach 3 extends the information available in Approach 2 by allowing land-use conversions to be tracked through time on a spatially explicit basis”
Volume 4, Chapter 3, page 3.7	Added  "FF = Forest Land Remaining Forest Land" and "LF - Land Converted to Forest Land" to the list of land use categories
Volume 4, Chapter 3, page 3.8	Corrected to "The method of determining areas of land use and land-use change should be capable of representing lands according to the definitions applied by the country, and ensure that losses or gains smaller than the minimum mapping unit do not lead to bias in emission and removal estimatesin particular when minimum area requirements are used for one or more land-use categories. For example, when applying minimum area definitions, a land-use change may occur as a consequence of an area becoming smaller or larger than the selected minimum area (e.g., if the minimum definition for Forest Land is 1 ha, and a forest area drops from 1.0 ha to 0.9 ha – conversion from Forest Land, or if a non-forest area is 0.9 ha and planting raises this to 1 ha – conversion to Forest Land). While this can result in a change in land-use, it is good practice to demonstrate that the methods applied in the inventory do not systematically over- or underestimate emissions and removals by assuming that the entire area has been affected (e.g., emissions and removals are only counted for the areas that actually have changed)"
Volume 4, Chapter 3, page 3.16	Corrected to "The essential feature of Approach 2 is that it provides an assessment of both the nettotal losses orand gains in the area of specific land-use categories and what these conversions represent (i.e., changes both from and to a category). Thus, Approach 2 differs from Approach 1 in that it includes information on conversions between categories, but is still only tracking those changes across two points in timewithout spatially-explicit location data, often based on political boundaries (i.e., locations of specific land-use and land-use conversions are not known). Tracking land-use conversions in this manner will normally require estimation of initial and final land-use categories for all conversion types, as well as of total area of unchanged land by category. The final result of this Approach can be presented as a non-spatially-explicit land-use conversion matrix. The matrix form is a compact format for representing the areas that have come under different conversions between all possible land-use categories. Existing land-use databases may have sufficient detail for this Approach, or it may be necessary to obtain data through sampling or other methods.
Volume 4, Chapter 4, page 4.10	Corrected to "Powers et al.u, 2004"
Volume 4, Chapter 4, pages 4.18-21, Table 4.4	Corrected the value for planted forests in Tropical mountain region of America to 0.205
Volume 4, Chapter 4, pages 4.20, Table 4.4 - 9th row	Corrected "natural" to "planted"
Volume 4, Chapter 4, pages 4.18-21, Table 4.9	Corrected to
Volume 4, Chapter 4, pages 4.18-21, Table 4.10	Corrected to
Volume 4, Chapter 4, page 4.46	Corrected to "3Dell B., Daping X., Thu P.Q. 2012"
Volume 4, Chapter 4, pages 4.49-50, Table 4.12	Removed redundant rows for "Subtropical dry forests"
Volume 4, Chapter 5, Header	Corrected to "Clropland"
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.24, Step 1.4	Corrected to "Calculate the values for ACTIVEy* (Equation 5.0b), SLOWy* (Equation 5.0c) and PASSIVEy* (Equation 5.0d), then calculate the values for ACTIVEy (Equation 5.0b), SLOWy (Equation 5.0c) and PASSIVEy (Equation 5.0d) for the run-in period, which become the initial SOC stocks for the ACTIVE, SLOW and PASSIVE SOC sub-pools at the commencement of the inventory period"
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.28	Corrected to: "Dai et al. 2008a; Dai et al. 2008b;"
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.36, Equation 5.0H(New)	Added the following element: +(FOON(T) * CNOON(T)) to Cinput in equation 5.0H. with the following descriptions:                                              FOON(T) = N in other organic amendments applied to crop T, kg N yr-1 (Equation 11.3 in Section 11.2.1.3, Chapter 11; with the exclusion of FAM)                                              CNOON(T) = C to N ratio of other organic amendments applied to crop T, kg C (kg N)-1. It is generally comprised between 10 and 20
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.36, Equation 5.0H(New)	Corrected to
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.36, Equation 5.0H(New) & Chapter 11, page 11.15, Equation 11.6	Added to the definition of AGDM(T) the following text: "It is good practice to ensure consistency in the method applied to estimate AGDM(T) in equations 5.0h (New) and 11.6 (Updated)"
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.36, BOX 5.2A(NEW)	Corrected to "GOOD PRACTICE GUIDANCE FOR DEVELOPING BASELINE EMISSION FACTORS (EF) FOR CH4 EMISSIONS FROM RICE CULTIVATION"
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.58	Corrected to “2 tonnes/ha of straw residues are incorporated shortlylong before cultivation (less than 30 days)”.
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.59	Corrected "481.01 Gg CH4/yr," in the main text to "410.47 Gg CH4/yr," as reported in Table 14C
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.59, Table 14B	Corrected reference: - In Column E to table 5.11(Updated) - In Column F to table 5.12(Updated) - In Column G to table 5.13(Updated) - In Column H to Equation 5.3 and to table 5.14(Updated)
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.59, Table 14C	Corrected reference: - In Column D to table 5.14A(New) - In Column I to table 5.14B(New)
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.76	Added "Cardinael, R., Umulisa, V., Toudert, A., Olivier, A., Bockel, L., Bernoux, M., 2018. Revisiting IPCC Tier 1 coefficients for soil organic and biomass carbon storage in agroforestry systems. Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 1–20. (Submitted to Global Change Biology but not publicly available at the cut-off date)"
Volume 4, Chapter 5, page 5.78	Corrected to "Dai, Q., Liu, G., Xue, S., Yu, N., Zhang, C. & Lan, X. (2008a) Active organic matter and carbon pool management index of soil at the abandoned cropland in erosion environment. Journal of Northwest Forestry University 23(6): 24-28" and "Dai, Q., Liu, G., Xue, S., Yu, N., Zhang, C. & Lan, X. (2008b) Dynamic of Plant Population Characteristics on Abandoned Arable Land in Eroded Hilly Loess Plateau. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica 17(4): 320-328
Volume 4, Chapter 7, page 7.29, Section 7.4	Deleted
Volume 4, Chapter 10, Header	Corrected to "Chapter 10:_Emissions from Livestockh and Manure Management"
Volume 4, Chapter 10	Corrected to "2019 rRefinement"
Volume 4, Chapter 10	Corrected to "Nnitrogen"
Volume 4, Chapter 10	Corrected to "Ym"
Volume 4, Chapter 10	Corrected to "IPCC 2006 IPCC Guidelines"
Volume 4, Chapter 10	Corrected to "value_percent"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.3, TOC	Corrected Annexes title
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.4, TOC	Added missing tables (e.g. Table 10B.8 and Table 10B.9)
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.5,  TOC	Corrected equations title
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.7, Table of figures	Corrected page numbers
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.7, Table of tables	Corrected page numbers
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.7, Table of tables	Corrected tables title
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.9	Corrected to "10.1 INTRODOUCTION"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.10	Removed text "This section contains updated guidance"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.13	Corrected to "FAO, IDF, IFCNet al. (2014)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.13	Corrected to "non-improved"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.14	Corrected to "in the AFOLU sector."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.14	Corrected to "national GHG inventory for the Aagriculture sector"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.15, Table 10.1 (UPDATED)	Corrected to "Bulls used principally for breeding purposes."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.15, Table 10.1 (UPDATED)	Corrected to "Bullocks used principally for draft power".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.15, Table 10.1 (UPDATED)	Corrected to "Intact Males, Castrates and Females, concentrate-fed".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.16, Table 10.1 (UPDATED)	Corrected to "Gilts/boars that will be used for breeding purposes"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.16, Table 10.1 (UPDATED)	Corrected to "CONITINUNED"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.17	Corrected to "Methane conversion factor (Ym): percentage of feed energy converted to methane"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.18	Corrected to: "The remainder of this subsection presents the typical data requirements and equations used to estimate feed intake for cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats" "Table 10.5 defines the feeding situations for cattle, buffalo, and sheep and goats".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.18	Corrected to "mega Jjoules"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.19	Corrected to "adjusting Cfi of Equation 10.23"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.19	Corrected to "Since Ccalves..."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.21, Table 10.2	Corrected to "Feedlot animals fed with > 85% concentrate or high-grain diet;"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.21, Table 10.2	Corrected to "Pasture / mixed-diet fed animals;"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.21	Corrected to "The following section provides methods for estimating gross energy intake for the key ruminant categories of cattle, buffalo, and sheep and goats"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.23, Table 10.4 (UPDATED)	Corrected to "Sheep (lamb to 1 year)".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.24, Equation 10.4	Corrected legend for Ca to "coefficient corresponding to animal’s feeding situation (Table 10.5, Activity coefficients), dimensionless"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.25	Corrected to "(NEl )"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.25, Table 10.6	Corrected to "CONSTANTS FOR USE IN CALCULATING NEG FOR SHEEP AND GOATS"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.25	Corrected to "net energy needed for growth, MJ day-1".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.25	Corrected to "= fat content of milk, percent by weight."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.25	Corrected to "The NEg equation used for sheep and goats".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.26	Corrected to "increase in combined weight gain"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.26, Equation 10.10	Corrected to "WGmwean"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.27	Corrected to "The NEwool is calculated as follows:"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.27	Corrected to "(NEwool)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.27, Equation 10.12 (UPDATED)	Corrected to "Pr"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.27, Equation 10.12 (UPDATED)	Corrected to: "NEworkwool"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.27, Equation 10.12 (UPDATED)	Corrected "EVmilk" to "EVwool"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.27	Corrected to "(NEp)" and "NEp"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.27 - Corrected to: "NEm"	Corrected to "NEm"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.27, Equation 10.13	Corrected to "Cpregnancvy"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.29, Equation 10.16	Corrected to "Equation 10.16(UPDATED)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.29, Equation 10.16	Corrected to "Equation 10.16 represents good practice for calculating GE requirements for cattle, buffalo,and sheep and goats using the results of the equations presented above"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.29, Equation 10.17	Corrected to "Equation 10.17(New)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.29	Corrected to "dietary net energy of maintenance concentration"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.29	Corrected to "digestibility values (DE)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.30, Equation 10.18	Corrected to "EQUATION 10.18(UPDATED)(NEW)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.31, Table 10.8A	Corrected to "EQUATIONS 10.17 AND 10.18"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.31	Corrected to "cattle herd".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.31	Corrected to "Arnerdal (2005).:"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.31	Corrected to "3.5 percent * [("
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.31	Corrected to "(CNCPS)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.31, Table 10.8a	Corrected to "NEmf = REM x 18.45 x DE% /100"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.32	Removed text "No refinement"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.33	Removed text "This section contains updated guidance"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.36	Corrected to "whereas the Tier 1a approach only takes into account".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.37, Table 10.10 - Moved footnotes to pupulation	Moved footnotes to pupulation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.37, Table 10.10	Removed footnote 6
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.37, Table 10.10	Corrected values of sheep liveweight to: 65 kg – high productivity systems. 45 kg – low productivity systems.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.38, Equation 10.19	Corrected to "the number of head of livestock species / category T in the country classified as productivity system P."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.38	Corrected to "each productivity systems"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.39, Table 10.11	Corrected to "Commercialised dairy sector feeding based on forages and grains"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.39, Table 10.11	Corrected to "Commercialiszed"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.39, Table 10.11	Corrected to "Includes mature males, multi-purpose mature females, calves, growing steers/heifers, and feedlot cattle".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.39, Table 10.11	Corrected to "Cattle: Highly productive commercialised dairy sector feeding high quality forage and grain. Dairy cows also used for beef calf production. Very small dedicatedSeparated beef cow herd. Minor amount of feedlot feeding with grains."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.40, Table 10.11	Corrected to "Separate beef cow herd, primarily grazing rangelands and hill country of widely varying forage quality"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.41, Table 10.11	Corrected to "Includes breeding and working males".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.42, Table 10.11	Corrected to "Includes breeding and working males and females, growing animals and calves"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.43, Table 10.11	Corrected to "All data are weighted values, representative of Australia and New Zealand. For Pacific Island nations, GHG inventory compilers may refer to Asian values. GHG inventory compilers from the Island nations of Oceania who wish to use a Tier 1a method could use values from Asia for low productivity systems and the high productivity Tier 1a emission factor from Oceania, whichever is more representative of their production systems."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.43, Table 10.11	Corrected to "Uncertainty values from the 2006 IPCCprevious Gguidelines"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.43, Table 10.11	Corrected to "Buffalo mature females livestock sub-category includes lactating (dairy) mature females"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.44	Corrected to "8500 kg year-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.44	Corrected to "it is good practice"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.44	Corrected to "Significant improvements are"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45, Table 10.12	Corrected header to "Ym (%)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45, Table 10.12	Corrected to "Annex 10B.2"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45, Table 10.12	Corrected to "Feed quality Digestibility (DE %)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45, Table 10.12	Corrected to "1_Expert judgementopinion of IPCC authorsPanel in consideration of"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45, Table 10.12	Corrected to "Ym"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45, Table 10.12	Corrected to "Annex 10B.2."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45, Table 10.12	Corrected to "The lowest Ym factors"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45, Table 10.12	Corrected to "Feedlot (steam-flaked corn, ionophore supplement - 0-10% forage" and to "DE ≥75%"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45	Corrected to "0.6_kg/_day-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45	Corrected to: "0.8_kg/_day-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.45	Corrected to: "The ± values are the the standard deviation of the mean of the Ym.."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.46	Corrected to "In these instances, CH4 conversion factors from the reported livestock that most closely resembles those livestock types can be reportedused"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.46	Corrected to "For examples"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.46, Equation 10.21a	Corrected to "Methane yield, kg CH4 kg DMI-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.47	Corrected to "through selection, conform"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.47	Corrected to "country-specific cirucumstances".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.47	Corrected to "higher Ttier"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.47	Corrected to "A mechanistic model has been developed in the Netherlands that employs Tier 3 approach using a mechanistic model."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.47	Corrected to "Exchange of carbohydrates may also lead to a lower Ym as demonstrated in studies where dietary starch content is increased through a higher proportion of corn silage (Hassanat et al. 2013; Benchaar et al. 2014) or through a higher proportion of starch containing concentrates (Aguerre et al. 2011)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.48	Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.48 - Corrected to "To estimate enteric emissions from livestock using estimation of Gross Energy Intake and Dry Matter Intake (Equations 10.21, or 10.21A), an enhanced characterization is needed". [Equation 10.21A is about DMI]
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.49	Corrected to "VS excretion factorsrates"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.49	Corrected to "values of volatile solids wasere aligned with the"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.49	Corrected to "2006 IPCC gGuidelines"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.49	Corrected to "new Ttier 1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.49	Corrected to "Annex 10A.2, Tables 10A.6 to 10A.9".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.49	Corrected to "Volume 4, Chapter 11, Section 11.2, Nitrous oxide Eemissions from Agriculturalmanaged sSoils"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.49	Corrected to "Emissions are summed over all manure management systems and livestock categoryies"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.50	Corrected to "with this Cchapter"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.50	Corrected to "Equation 10.24."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.50	Corrected to "and._manure management system fractions"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.50	Corrected to "subcategory."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.50	Corrected to "Collect population data frombased on the Livestock Population Characterization"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.50	Corrected to "develop country-specific volatile solid excretion ratesemissions"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.51	Corrected to "(include production level if using Tier 1a);"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.53, Figure 10.3	Corrected to "Ccharacterisation"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.53, Figure 10.3	Corrected to "Ssystem".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.53	Corrected to "(Table 10.13a calculated by Equation 10.22a),"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.53	Corrected to "in Annex 10A.2,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.53	Corrected to "(Table 10.14),"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.53	Corrected to "Default emission factors by animal productivity class, manure management system and climate zone are presented in Table 10.14 for each of the recommended population subcategories. These emission factors represent the range in manure management practices used in each region, as well as the difference in emissions due to climate zone."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.54	Corrected to "in these tTables"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.54	Corrected to "VS emissionexcretion rate".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.54	Corrected to "Table 10.16"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.54, Equation 10.22a	Corrected to "EQUATION 10.22A (UPDATED)(NEW)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.55, Table 10.13a	Corrected to "(1000 KG ANIMAL MASS)-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.55, Table 10.13a	Corrected to "India sub-continent"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.55, Table 10.13a	Corrected to "NRA"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.55, Table 10.13a	Corrected VS values for dairy cattle in North America and Western Europe to 9.2 and 8.4 respectively.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.55, Table 10.13a	Corrected VS data for non-dairy cattle in Africa to 12.1 and Middle East to 12.3, 9.3 and 14.5
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.55, Table 10.13a	Input value of 15.2 kg VS/1000 kg animal mass/day as the mean value for Buffalo in the Indian sub-continent
Volume 4, Chapter 10, pages 10.55, 10.83, 10.119, Tables 10.13a, 10.19, 10A.5	Corrected "Poultry" to "Chicken"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.55, Table 10.13a	Corrected to "Tier 1a methodology."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.55, Table 10.13a	Corrected to "All data are weighted values, representative of Australia and New Zealand. For Pacific Island nations, GHG inventory compilers may refer to Asian values. GHG inventory compilers from the Island nations from Oceania may wish to use a Tier 1a approach. In this case, they could used values from Asia, for low productivity systems from Asia and the high productivity the Tier 1a Eemission Ffactor from Oceania, whichever is nearer to more representative of their production systems"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.61, Table 10.14	Corrected to "Pasture range and paddock emission factors areis based on observation in the updated version of Cai et al. (2017) database (see Annex 10B.6). No differences were observed for animal type"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.61, Table 10.14	Corrected to "Temp. is an abbreviation for temperate."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.61, Table 10.14	Corrected to "Composting is the biological oxidation of organic material."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.61, Table 10.14	Corrected to "Definitions of manure management systems can be found in Table 10.18."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.61, Table 10.14	Corrected to "Uncertainty is ±30%(,) consisten with the 2006 IPCC Guidelines."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.61, Table 10.14	Corrected to "Anaerobic digestion-biogas values: for high productivity are based onused emission estimates from high quality gas-tight digesters and average MCFs for storage whereas, for low productivity are based on emission estimates fromquality used high digester leakage rates"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.61, Table 10.14	Assigned note 1 to all "Low-productivity" class
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.62, Table 10.15 (Updated)	Added punctation to notes
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.62, Table 10.15 (Updated)	Corrected to "PARAMETERS"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.62, Table 10.15 (Updated)	Removed Notes "b" and "e"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.62	Corrected to "These manure management conditions can have high MCFs of 76 to 80 percent"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.64, Equation 10.24	Corrected to "UE*GE"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.64	Corrected to "DCE"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.64	Corrected to "Tables 10.16"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.64	Corrected to "2006 IPCC Gguidelines."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.65	Corrected to "digestater storage system"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.65	Corrected to "either high and low quality anaerobic digesters"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.65	Corrected to "with the Eemission Ffactor provided in the Tier 1 Tables (Table 10.14)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.65	Corrected to "In thiese tables,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.65	Corrected to "Anaerobic digestion is an importament"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.65	Corrected to "co-digeste"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.65	Corrected to "this Chapter which will be maintained on the IPCC document website, identified as Supplemental Information Chapter 10, Volume IV(4), 2019 RefinementPlease refer to "Raw data for cattle and buffalo spreadsheet""
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.66, Table 10.16 (Updated)	Corrected to "Table 10.16A (Updated)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.66, Table 10.16 (Updated)	Corrected "Chicken- Broilers" to "All other poultry"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.66, Table 10.16 (Updated)	Corrected to "±15 percent."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.66	Corrected to "to the dominant storage systems; bBut a country specific emission factor".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.66	Corrected to "possibilities"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.66	Corrected to "modifications"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.66	Corrected to "sectondary"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.66	Corrected to "MCF factor"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.66	Corrected to "the stored manure is not reduced or increased during the application of the methodology."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, pages 10.66-69	Corrected page numbering
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.67, Table 10.17	Corrected punctuation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.67, Table 10.17	Corrected to "Cattle and Swine deep bedding (cont.)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.69, Table 10.17	Corrected to "sepaerated"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.69, Table 10.17	Deleted "Cool Temperate Moist" under "System" header.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.69, Table 10.17	Corrected to "See Annex 10B.7 for additional details"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.69, Table 10.17	Corrected to "with the data in the in updated version"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.69, Table 10.17	Corrected to "at thermophilic temperatures due toproduced by microbial heat production"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.69, Table 10.17	Corrected to "Tropical Montane, Tropical Wet,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.69, Table 10.17	Corrected to "The tavg °C for"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.69, Table 10.17	Corrected note "b" to "4"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.69, Table 10.17	Corrected MCF for Low quality biogas digester with low quality gastight storage in Table 10.17 to 10.85%.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.70, Table 10.17	Corrected to "retnentions times"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.70, Table 10.17	Corrected to "Expert judgement updated"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.71	Corrected to "However, consistency in total livestock categories should be retained throughout the inventory."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.71	Corrected to "Manure removal statistics should also be monitored where possible"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.71	Corrected to "that_agencies".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.71	Removed "This section is an update".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.71	Corrected to "Figure 3A.5.1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.71	Corrected to "temperature profiles, should statistics that".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.70, Table 10.18	Corrected punctuation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.70, Table 10.18	Corrected to "Animal manure with and without straw isare collected".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.72, 10.90	Corrected to "while phosphogypsum reduces CH4 emissions"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.73, Table 10.18	Corrected to "Annex 10A.2, Table 10A.10"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.74	Corrected to "tThe ratio"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.75	Corrected to "multiple systems"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.75, Step 2	Corrected to "Use default values or develop the annual average nitrogen excretion rate per head (Nex(T,P)) for each defined livestock species/category T, for productivity system P, when applicable;"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.75, Step 3	Corrected to "Use default values or determine the fraction of total annual nitrogen excretion for each livestock species/category T that is managed in each manure management system S and productivity system P, when applicable."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.75, Equation 10.25	Corrected to: "country, ,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.76, Equation 10.25	Corrected to "44 / 28 4"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.76, Equation 10.26	Corrected to "AWMS(T,S,P) = fraction of total annual nitrogen excretion for each livestock species/category T that is managed in manure management system S in the country, dimensionless;  to  consider productivity class P, if using a Tier 1a approach"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.76	Corrected to "ChapterSection 101.5.6 in the subsection Consistency of nitrogen flows"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.76	Corrected to "significantly
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.76	Corrected to "Section 10.5.4, Coordination"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.76	Corrected to "in the country, , for productivity system P"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.77	Corrected to "by a fraction of nitrogen leached (see Equation 10.26), in analogy to the approach to estimate nitrogen volatilisation (see Equation 10.26)."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.78, Equation 10.29	Corrected to "Nleaching-MMSNleaching-MMS"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.79	Corrected to "as described in Section 10.5.6".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.80	Corrected to "UN-ECE"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.80	Removed text "This section is an update."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.80	Corrected to "(see Table 10.19))".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.81	Corrected to "for use in Equation(s) 10.31 and 10.31a."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.81, Equations 10.31 & 10.31a	Corrected punctuation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.81, Equations 10.31 & 10.31a	Corrected to "Nintakec"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.81, Equation 10.31a	Corrected to "Number of days in a year.56"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.82, Equations 10.32 & 10.32a	Corrected to "Nintakec"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.82, Equations 10.32 & 10.32a	Corrected to: "for growth stage "i". when applicable"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.82, Equation 10.32	Corrected to: "livestock."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.82, Equation 10.32a	Corrected to "dry matter intake per day during a specific growth stage “i”"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.82, Equation 10.32a	Corrected to "daily N consumed per animal of category T, kg N animal-1day-1, per growth stage-1 "i""
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19	Corrected to: "India sub-continent"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19	Corrected Punctation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19r	Corrected Nex mean value for other cattle in Africa to 0.45
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19	Corrected Nex mean value for dairy cattle in North America and Western Europe to 0.59 and 0.54 respectively
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19	Corrected Nex mean value for other cattle in low PS of Asia to 0.39
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19	Corrected Nex mean value for other cattle in low PS of Africa to 0.44
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19	Corrected Nex mean and low values for other cattle in low PS of Middle East to 0.56 and 0.59 respectively
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19	Corrected Nex mean value for other cattle in high PS and low PS of Indian subcontinent to 0.64 and 0.41 respectively
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19	Corrected Nex mean value for buffalo in Africa to 0.42
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19	Corrected Nex mean value for buffalo in Indian subcontinent to 0.58
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Table 10.19	Corrected Nex for Ostrich to 0.36.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.83, Tables 10.19 and 10A.5	Corrected the weight of reinder in footnote 9 to 120 kg.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.85, Table 10.20	Corrected to "(kg N retained/animal/day)".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.85	Corrected to "for Ccattle"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.85, Equation 10.33	Added units for NRC constants, 268 and 7.03, "g Protein kg-1 animal-1" and "g Protein MJ-1 animal-1" respectively
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86, Table 10.20(Updated)	Corrected to "Judgement by IPCC Expert Group (see Co-chairs, Editors and Experts; N2O emissions from Manure Management)2006 IPCC Guidelines, Table 10.21"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86, Equation 10.33A	Replace the legend of Equation 10.33A with the following:      - N retention = amount of N retained by the animal (in kg N animal-1 year-1)      - N gain = amount of N retained in the sow (in kg N animal-1 year-1), calculated as (0.025 * FR * Skg), where 0.025 = fraction of N retained in BW, kg N·kg BW gain-1; FR = fertility rate of sows, parturitions·year-1; Skg = is the sum of live weight change of sows from parturition to parturition, kg·head-1 and can be calculated from the litter birth weight and number (LITSIZE * Ckg/ 0.806, where LITSIZE = litter size, heads; Ckg = live weight of piglets at birth, kg·head-1 and 0.806 = constant to correct for the higher kg N per kg BW gain-1 in piglets, fraction). Permanent weight gain in growing gilts should also be considered in the calculation.      - N weaned piglets = amount of N in piglets weaned (in kg N animal-1 year-1), calculated as ((0.025 * LITSIZE * FR * (Wkg - Ckg) / 0.98), where: 0.025 = fraction of N retained in BW, kg N·kg BW gain-1, LITSIZE = litter size, heads; FR = fertility rate of sows, parturitions·year-1; Wkg = live weight of piglet at weaning age, kg·head-1; Ckg = live weight of piglets at birth, kg·head-1 and 0.98 = protein digestibility as fraction, fraction (FAO, 2017).
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86, Table 10.20A(New)	Correct values for "Sows Ngain" as follows: 0.92 for low productivity and 1.38 for high productivity Correct values for "Piglets Ngain" as follows: 2.25 for low productivity and 2.85 for high productivity Replace the note text with the following: "For this example, a live weight change of young sows from parturition to parturition of 12.5 kg was assumed" Just after table 10.20A(New), add the following text: "The value of Skg is derived from national statistics on the average litter size and birth weight of piglets, factors that vary based on national production systems.  Further, gilts will typically be mated at 125 – 140 kg of body weight, and continue to grow over several reproductive cycles to a mature weight of approximately 200 kg of body weight. The N excretion by breeding sows (Equation 10.33B) should also take into account that the sow will gain between 10 to 15 kg of body weight during the first four or five reproductive cycles (Chiba 2009). Inventory compilers are advised to: (a) use data that best describe their country production practices and/or genetic stocks employed for estimates of litter size and birth weight; (b) estimate the proportion of the breeding animals that are not at mature weight and consider the growth of these animals in their estimate of Skg. The weight of the placenta and other products of conception are not included in Tier 2 calculations as they are discarded at parturition. Countries that are able to track nitrogen in conception products may choose to do so through country specific methods"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86, Table 10.20A(New)	Corrected to "AN EXAMPLE."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86, Table 10.20A(New)	Corrected to "numberheads"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86, Equation 10.33A	Corrected Punctation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86, Equation 10.33B	Corrected Punctation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86, Equation 10.33B	Corrected to "Nweaned piglets(i)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86, Equation 10.33A & Equation 10.33B	Corrected to "kg N animal-1 year-1", any occurences
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86, Equation 10.33A & Equation 10.33B	Corrected Skg, Wkg, Ckg unit to "kg headanimal-1" , any occurences
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86	Corrected to "it is a good practice to include N excretion estimates for at least the pig categories listed in Table 10.21."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86	Corrected to "The daily N retention can be calculated by dividing the result of Equation 10.33ba by"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.86	Corrected to "daily N retention in Kkg N day-1."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.87, Equation 10.33C	Corrected to "BWinitial"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.87, Equation 10.33C	Corrected to (i)
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.87, Equation 10.33C	Corrected to "kg N animal-1 year-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.87, Equation 10.33C	Corrected to "Ngain(i)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.87, Equation 10.33C	Corrected to "N retained at a given BW per defined growth stage (i)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.87	Corrected to "ion feed intake"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.87	Corrected to "A suitable approach to estimate annual nitrogen excretionretention by layer type hens is as follows (Poulsen &Kristensen 1998):
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.87	Corrected to "(Pettey et al. 2015),"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.87	Corrected to "for at least the poultry categories listed in Table 10.1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.87, Table 10.20B(New)	Corrected to "0.0381."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.88, Equation 10.33D	Corrected to "NeggEGG"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.88, Equation 10.33D	Corrected to "WGc"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.88, Equation 10.33E	Corrected to "ANNUALDAILY N RETENTION RATES FOR PULLETS OR BROILERS"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.88, Equation 10.33E	Corrected to "amount of N retained in animal ( kg N head-1) day-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.88, Equation 10.33E	Corrected to "length of time from chick to slaughter (days)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.89	Corrected to "possibilities"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.90, Table 10.21	Corrected Punctation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.92, Table 10.21	Corrected to "Sources and assumptions to calculate N2O EF for Solid storage categoriessystems with/without treatments and composting (static pile and passive windrows) are detailed in Annex 10B.7"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.92, Table 10.21	Corrected to "Judgement by IPCC Expert Group (see Co-chairs, Editors and Experts; N2O emissions from Manure Management)2006 IPCC Guidelines, Table 10.21"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.92, Table 10.21	Corrected to "suggest to use the emission factor of natural crust cover"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.92, Table 10.21	Corrected to "The emission mainly from storage of digestate storage"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.92, Table 10.21	Corrected to "studies: : "
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.94	Deleted "This section is an update"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.94	Corrected to "Differences in N loss that might occur with crop residue being digested or being returned directly to the fields should be considered in this case. in the production of biogas may include food waste as well as purpose grown crops. Differences in N loss that might occur with crop residue being digested or being returned directly to the fields should be considered in this case."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.94, Equation 10.34(Updated)	Corrected to "purpose grown crops, kg N yr".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.94, Equation 10.34A	Corrected to: "manure management system S,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.94, Equation 10.34A	Corrected to: "total fraction of managed manure nitrogen for livestock category T that is lost in the manure management system S in the country, dimensionless. FracLossMS is calculated according to Equation 10.34a"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.95, Equation 10.34A	Corrected to: "FracN2MS can thus be calculated according to Equation 10.34B."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.95	Removed all references to CRF categories in the following sentences: - "Crop residue N, including N-fixing crops and forage/pasture renewal, returned to soils, (FCR)" (included in the 3D CRF category - volume 11 chapter 11 section 11.2.1.3) - "Field Burning of Agricultural Residues" (3F CRF category - volume 4 chapter 5 Section 5.2.4 Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning) - "Open burning of waste - other: agricultural waste" (5C CRF category - volume 5 chapter 5 section 5.3.2 Amount of waste open-burned)."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.96	Corrected to "Energy””
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.96	Corrected to "N2 emission"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.96	Deleted: "See box reported in Crop residues (see comment below regarding crop residues)".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.96	Corrected to "different stages of manure management, storage, and application"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.96	Corrected to "Chapters 3B-3.4 and 3.D"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.96	Corrected to "Gguidance"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.97, Table 10.22	Corrected to "(0.20 – 0.50))"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.97, Table 10.22	Notation key "NA" applied for runoff for poultry
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.97, Table 10.22	Notation key "NA" applied for runoff for "poultry" and "other animal" categories
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Corrected to "NOo data"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Corrected to "Annex 10B.7"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Corrected to "N loss due to leaching, fraction of total N excreted."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Corrected to "It is advised to use,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Corrected to "Uncertainty range is 0 to 0.07. Lleaching values"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Corrected to "Ccountry specific values should be used, or a surrogate should be selected from the tTable and justified based on consideration of factors controlling rates of volatilisation in the management system."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Corrected to "37Composting – Intensive Windrowc"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Removed reference to note "c"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Removed reference to note "9"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Assigned note 4 to "Dry lots"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.98, Table 10.22	Corrected to "Sources and assumptions to calculate NH3 volatilization and N leaching/run-off EF for Solid storage categories and composting (static pile and passive windrows) systems are detailed in Annex 10 B.7."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.100, Table 10.23	Corrected to "RN2(N2O)_N2O"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.100	Removed "This section contains new guidance"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.100	Corrected to "These equations can help identifying emissions estimates that might become inaccurate when national methodologies for upstream flows are used"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.100	Corrected to "Emissions from the manure management system burned for fuel"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.100	Corrected to "Consistency of nitrogen flows (New sub-section):"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.100	Corrected to "For example, Equation 10.A.13-10A.16 and Eequations 11.2-11.4"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.100	Corrected to "So any application technique that reduces or increases losses of NH3"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.101	Corrected to "Symbols are defined under the Eequations in Chapters 10 and 11"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.101	Corrected to "NH3+NOXox"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.102, Figure 10.5	Corrected to "Tier 2: Equations 10.31 or 10.31A".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.102, Figure 10.5	Corrected to "Tier 1: Equation 11.1; Tier 2: Equation 11.2".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.103, Annex 10A.1	Corrected to "The literature sources for these values are presented in Annex 10B.1, howeverand spreadsheet with raw datafiles for cattle and buffalo compiled for this refinement is available as supplemental material information."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.103, Annex 10A.1	Corrected to "This annex presents the data used to develop the default emission factors for methane emissions from Enteric Fermentation and Manure Management, Volatile solid and Nitrogen excretion rates, and Nitrogen retention fractions. The Tier 2 method was implemented with these data to estimate the default Tier 1 emission factors and rates for cattle and buffalo."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, pages 10.104-116, Tables 10A.1(New), 10A.2(New), 10A.3(New), 10A.4(New)	Corrected to "kg Nex (1000 kg animal mass-1) day-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, pages 10.104-116, Tables 10A.1(New), 10A.2(New), 10A.3(New), 10A.4(New)	Corrected to "kg VS (1000 kg animal mass-1) day-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, pages 10.104-116, Tables 10A.1(New), 10A.2(New), 10A.3(New), 10A.4(New)	Corrected to "mix, %"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.104, Table 10A.1(New)	Corrected milk fat for high PS cows to 3.5%.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.104, Table 10A.1(New)	Corrected Milk yield in Eastern Europe to 10.9 kg/hd/day.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.104, Table 10A.1(New)	Corrected Fat and protein content of milk for HP systems in Africa to 4.3 and 3.6% respectively.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.104, Table 10A.1(New)	Corrected CP in diet for dairy cattle in Oceania to 22.3%.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.104, Table 10A.1(New)	Corrected to "CH4"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.104, Table 10A.1(New)	Corrected to "Oceania3"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.104, Table 10A.1(New)	Corrected to "Protein content, of milk,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.104, Table 10A.1(New)	Corrected to "CH4 conversion, %"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.105, Table 10A.1(New)	Corrected Punctation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.106, Table 10A.2(New)	Corrected to "Nretention fraction, (kg N retained/animal/day) (kg N intake/animal/day)-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.106, Table 10A.2(New)	Corrected to "VOLATILE SOLID"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.106, Table 10A.2(New)	Corrected CP in diet for growing heifers/steers in North America to 12%.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.107, Table 10A.2(New)	Corrected Milk fat and protein content for other cattle in Latin America to 4.3 and 3.5% respectively.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.107, Table 10A.2(New)	Corrected Percent of mature females pregnant in Indian subcontinent for high and low productivity systems to 40%.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.108-113, Tables 10A.2(New), 10A.3(New)	Corrected Default EF for African Draft Bullocks in Table 10A.2 and calc file to 46 kg/head/yr. Further, add a note to Table 10A.2, 10A.3 "draft bullocks were all assumed to be castrates and CFi values were adjusted accordingly".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, pages 10.110-209	Corrected page numbering
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.110, Table 10A.3(New)	Corrected to: "CH4 EMISSION FACTORS"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.110, Table 10A.3(New)	Corrected to: "CH4 Conversion"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.110, Table 10A.3(New)	Corrected to: "CH4 kg/head/yr"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.112, Table 10A.3(New)	Corrected to: "3.3%"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.112, Table 10A.3(New)	Corrected EF for mature females grazing in Africa LP systems to 67 kg/hd/yr.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.113, Table 10A.3(New)	Corrected Live-weight of replacement/growing other cattle in Indian subcontinent to 180 kg.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.114, Table 10A.4(New)	Corrected VS data fields for buffalo in Western and Eastern Europe with data from the calculation file ("Table 10.A.4-Buffalo-Calculations") as it follows: Western Europe: Mature Males 4.4; Mature Females 6.2; Growing animals 6.6; Calves 11.7 Eastern Europe: Mature Males 3.7; Mature Females 5.8; Growing animals 6.0; Calves 9.4
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.114, Table 10A.4(New)	Corrected Enteric fermentation EF for mature males in Western Europe to 73 kg/hd/yr
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.114, Table 10A.4(New)	Corrected Enteric fermentation EF for Growing/Replacement animals in Latin America to 47 kg/hd/yr
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.114, Table 10A.4(New)	Corrected Feeding situation for buffalo in Western Europe to "Stall Fed", then Corrected Western Europe Enteric Fermentation EF to:  Mature Males 59; Mature Females 81; Growing animals 59; Calves 42 Corrected Western Europe Nex to: Mature Males 0.27; Mature Females 0.36; Growing animals 0.39; Calves 0.64 Corrected Western Europe N retention_frac to:  Mature Males 0.00; Mature Females 0.15; Growing animals 0.06; Calves 0.13
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.114, Table 10A.4(New)	Corrected to: "CH4 Conversion"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.116, Table 10A.4(New)	Corrected Protein content of milk for Indian subcontinent to 3.5%, then Corrected Nex to: Mature Females 0.54 Corrected N retention_frac to: Mature Females 0.09
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.116, Table 10A.4(New)	Corrected working hours for working malesin Indian subcontinent to 1.37, then Corrected Nex to: working males 0.35 Corrected VS to: working males 8.2 Corrected Enteric Fermentation EF to 86
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.117	Corrected to "for regions aroundin the country"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.117	Corrected "AWMS system"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.117	Corrected to "in for cattle"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.117	Corrected to "to implement the Tier 1 method for estimation of methane and nitrous oxide emissions from manure management emissions for methane and nitrous oxide"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.119, Table 10A.5(New)	Deleted text: "may be prone to refinement in the final draft".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.119, Table 10A.5(New)	Corrected to "Values are taken from Table 10A-9 of of the IPCC 2006 IPCC Guidelines."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.119, Table 10A.5(New)	Corrected to "2019 Refinement."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.119, Table 10A.5(New)	Deleted tex:t "Means of high and low productivity systems are simple means and will be refined in the final order draft."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.120, Table 10A.5(New)	Corrected to "non-Dairy"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.120, Table 10A.5(New)	Corrected to "Climate and System Based CategoryRegion"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, pages 10.120-128, Tables 10A.6(New), 10A.7(New), 10A.8(New)	Corrected to "0no data"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.121, Table 10A.6(New)	Added note: "American bison should use the same manure management fractions as beef cattle in North America."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.122, Table 10A.7(New)	Corrected to "Caribbean"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.124, Table 10A.8(New)	AWMS allocation for Sheep-Dairy in Western Europe for solid storage corrected to 22
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.125, Table 10A.8(New)	Corrected to "Goats"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.126, Table 10A.9(New)	Corrected to "Russian Federation"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.128, Table 10A.9(New)	Corrected to "Manure of Rrabbits and fur-bearing animals is 100% managed in a solid based system."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.128, Table 10A.9(New)	Corrected Punctation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.128, Table 10A.9(New)	Corrected to "N2O emissions from manure".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.129	Corrected to "efforsts"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.129	Corrected to "Therefore, as identified in Volume 4, Chapter 3, of these guidelines, climate zones are defined where:"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.129	Corrected to "prescipitation"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.129	Corrected to "VOLUME 54"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.129	Corrected to "countrparty's" at every occurrence
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.130, Figure 10A.1	Corrected to the corrected IPCC climate zone map
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.130, Figure 10A.1	Corrected to "Mapping of IPCC climate zones."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.132, Table 10A.10(New)	Removed text: "and X amount of days in lower productivity systems"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.133	Replaced "IPCC Guidance Document" with "2019 Refinement"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.133	Corrected to "adjustable)."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.133	Corrected to "MCF factor" at every occurrence
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.133	Corrected to "1 C."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.133	Corrected to "Andministration"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.133	Corrected to "Manure"they should be selected"Manure"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.133	Corrected to "Air"they should be selected"Air"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.133	Corrected to "Tmanure"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.133	Corrected to " The spreadsheet uses the same calculations that were used to calculate the MCF Table in the guidance document, but has been designed  for use by inventory compilers to do calculations for their country-specific circumstances. The spreadsheed is available in the supplemental data supplied with this Chapter,  identified as Supplemental Information Chapter 10, Volume IV, 2019 Refinement and available on the IPCC TFI website at ."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.135	Corrected to "VS% percent liquid storage"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.135	Corrected to "areis separated"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.135	Corrected to "(and temperature damping factors);"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.135	Corrected to "the source of each value areis given in column K"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.136	Corrected "Fig. 2" and "Figure 2" to "Figure 10A.3(New)" Corrected "Fig. 3" and "Figure 3" to "Figure 10A.4(New)" Corrected "Fig. 4" and "Figure 4" to "Figure 10A.5(New)" Corrected "Fig. 5" and "Figure 5" to "Figure 10A.6(New)" Corrected "Fig. 6" and "Figure 6" to "Figure 10A.7(New)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.138, Figures 10A.5 and 10A.6	Corrected Figures and Column letter to correspond to the excel file (Model calculation)
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.138	Corrected to "Temperature in oC (Column C and D)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.139	Corrected to "modelling"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.140	Corrected to "Calculations of Methane Conversion Factors (MCFs) factors for biogas systems"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.140	Corrected to "or outdoor storage.;;"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.140	Corrected to "Default methane conversion factors (MCFs) of biogas"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.140	Corrected to "m3 CH4/kg VS destroyed"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.140	Correct to "B0"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.140	Corrected to "as stated in eEquation 10.23 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and this 2019 Refinement(2006)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.141	Corrected to "either during storage or energy during production"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.141	Corrected to "biogas digesters,_and digesters"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.141, Table 10A.11(New)	Corrected to "Lsto,gt=1".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.142	Corrected to "m3 CH4 kg-1 VS"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.142	Corrected to "entity μrgs:"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.142, Equation 10A.4(New)	Corrected to "digester, (related to VS input),"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.143	Corrected to "amount of CH4 produced"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.143	Corrected to "maintenance"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.143, Equation 10A.7(New)	Corrected punctuation
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.144	Corrected to "recommended"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.144	Corrected to "are_unavailable."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.144	Corrected to "recommendced"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.144	Corrected to "circumstances
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.144	Corrected to "Eequations 10A.7"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.144	Corrected to "Eequation 10A.9"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.143, Equation 10A.8(New)	Corrected to "(1-Xgts/100)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.143, Equation 10A.9(New)	Corrected to "Table 10.17 providesd the default values for different prestorage systems"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.144	Corrected to "For high quality gastight storage of the digestate sto,gt L is assumed to be 0.01 m3 m-3. For low quality gastight storage of the digestate, sto,gt L is assumed to be 0.1 m3 m-3. For open storage of the digestate, sto,gt L is assumed to be 1.0 m3 m-3"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.145	Corrected to ..storage”,_percent,_see above.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.145	Corrected to "2006 IPCC Gguidelines."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.146	Corrected to "As explained in section 10.5.6, nitrogen excreted by animals contributes"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.146	Corrected to ",_percent,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.146	Corrected to "that allows the quantification"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.146	Corrected to "eEquations given in Chapters 10 and 11"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.146	Corrected to "nitrogen excretion ratescoefficients" at every occurrence
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.146	Corrected to "given in Chapter 10 and 11 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines and thiseir 2019 Refinements"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.147	Corrected to "Where,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.147	Corrected to "number of head of livestock species/category T in the country, heads"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.147, Equation 10A.15(New)	Corrected to "åƩ"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.147, Equation 10A.16(New)	Corrected to "EF3(,s)" and "FracN2MS(,s)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.148, Equation 10A.24(New)	Corrected to "TOTAL MANURE-N IN MANURE MANAGEMENT AND STORAGE SYSTEMS"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.148, Equation 10A.27(New)	Corrected to "NbeddingMS,(T ,_S )".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.148	Corrected to "kg N animal-1 yr-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.149	Corrected to "kg N2O yr-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.149	Corrected to "in manure management and storage systems"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.149	Corrected the unit of Fex and Nex to: "kg N yr-1 and kg N animal-1 yr-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.150	Corrected to "due to runoff and leaching during solid and liquid storage of manure (typical range 1-20 percent) in manure management system S."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.150	Corrected to "kg N2O–N (kg N input)-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.150	Corrected to "FON" and "FPRP"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.150	Corrected to "kg N (kg of N additions)-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.152	Corrected to "2019 IPCC Refinement" at every occurrence
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.152	Corrected to "the 2006 IPCC Guidleines reported valuescontain data"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.152	Corrected to "2019 IPCC Refinement.Namely,:"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.152	Deleted repetition of text: "Australia Australian Government Department of Climate Change (2006)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.152	Corrected to "10B.1 Raw data used to compile Annex 10A.1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.152	Corrected to "All raw data collected from literature sources and used as a basis by the IPCC review teamauthors to refineadjust the final values"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.152	Corrected to "Since tThe 2006 IPCC Guidelines reported"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.152	Corrected to "values onof Nitrogen excretion rate (Nex)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.153	Corrected "Faostat (2017)" to "FAOSTAT (2017)".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.153	Corrected to "(FAO 2017))".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.153	Corrected to "in a greater dergree"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.153	Corrected to "Malaysyia"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.153	Corrected to "Philippines"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.153	Corrected to "Performance parameters, diet and feeding situation of dairy and non-dairy cattle of the whole Asian region for low- and high-productivity systems were adjusted based on detailed data obtained from 520 publications.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.153	Corrected to "Phillippines Statistics Authority (2017)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.153	Corrected to "adjustedrefined" at every occurrence
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.153	Corrected to "..the contribution of each country to the total dairy and non-dairy cattle population of Eastern Europe and corresponding parameters."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.154	Corrected to "both types of productivity system applied in Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia and in Uganda."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.154	Corrected to "Ethiopia F.D.R. (2011)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.155	Corrected to "Cardoso et al. (2017a)-;"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.155	Corrected to "Indian subcontinent and Oother regions"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.156	Added note: "EE refers to ether extract an analytical method to estimate dietary fats and fatty acids"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.156	Corrected to "DMI categoryies wereas developed with values"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.156	Corrected to "10B.2 Estimation of Cattle/Buffalo CH4 conversion factors (Ym)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.156	Corrected to "It was noted by the IPCC panel that tThese studies..."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.156	Corrected to "(Table 10BA.1(NEW)1)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.156	Corrected to "NDF of their feed has been greater than 37 percent DMI NDF"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.156	Corrected to "synthesies"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.158, Table 10B.2(New)	Corrected to "THRESHOLD CALCULATION BASED ON NDF CORRECTION."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.158, Table 10B.3(New)	Corrected to "Rounded to 7.0 for Table 10.12."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.158	Corrected to "Raw data used in the development of these values are published under Supplemental Information of Chapter10, Volume 4can be requested from the IPCC"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.159	Corrected to "Estimation of Default Emission Factors forbased on Goat Tier 2 parameters"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.159	Corrected to "Googgle scholar"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.159	Corrected to "RresearchGgate"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.159	Corrected to "Puchala et al. 2018)."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.159, Table 10B.4(New)	Corrected to "MILK PRODUCTIVITY."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.159, Table 10B.4(New)	Corrected to In header "Bbody weight"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.160	Corrected to "Ym (data not shown)."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.160	Corrected to "there were not".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.160	Corrected to "Methane output per animal wasere"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.160	Corrected to "(Fig 10BA.210) and gross energy (Fig 10BA.311)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.161, Figure 10B.4(New)	Corrected to "Daily N intakeexcretion output per animal expressed in relation to animal weight"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.161	Corrected to "These values are both lower than thoseat estimated thanin Vermorel et al. (2008)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.161	Corrected to "Using the equation from Fig 10B.2 we obtained kg CH4/animal yr as a function of the previously estimated value of daily dry matter intake."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.161	Corrected to "and that fromfor high production systems is similar to that proposed forby Lassey (2012)".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.161	Corrected to "Ym methane conversion factor a 5.5 percent"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.161	Corrected to "Fig 10B.43-3"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.161	Corrected to "this database relating daily N intake and daily N excretion (Fig 10B.54-4)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.162	Corrected to "Gross energy intake was derived based onestimated from previously calculated DM intake usingfor Tier1 EF for enteric CH4 and the conversion factor for dietary GE (18.45 MJ/kg DM)."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.163	Replaced "NEm" and "Nema" with "NEmf"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.163	Corrected to "Steers: DMI"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.164	Corrected to "IPCC 2006" with "2006 IPCC Guidelines" in every occurrence
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.164	Corrected to "Mangino et al., 2001".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.164	Corrected to "defined T2"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.164	Corrected to "dimenstionless"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.164	Corrected to "modelled"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.164	Corrected to "The 2006 IPCC Guidelines model"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.164	Corrected to "The following briefly summarizes the 2006 IPCC Guidelines approach and improvements included in the current approach."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.164	Corrected to "The 2006 model in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines also used an management and design practices (MDP) factor"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.164	Corrected to "Furthermore the suggestion to use equationformula 1 for batch-fed storage/digesters that is currently in 2006 IPCC Guidelines"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.164	Replaced "IPCC Good Practice Guide" with "Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (GPG2000)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.165	Corrected to "The spreadsheet model will be made<Vol4_Ch10_ MCF_Calculation-Spreadsheet> for calculation of country-specific MCFs is available as well."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.165	Corrected to "at liquid/slurry dairy manure storages, and greater for anaerobic lagoons"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.165	Corrected to "e.g. the Ttable below"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.165, Table 10B.7(New)	Removeld the row with symbols - N_TM,N_TW, N_TMst, N_TD, N_WTM, N_WTD, N_CTM, N_CTD
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.165, Table 10B.7(New)	Corrected to "Note that an upper limit mcfMCF of 80% has been imposed for consistency with the anaerobic lagoon mcfsMCFs at high temperatures and long retention times."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.166	Corrected to "Proposed “Ggood Ppractice” in the case of countries that do not know have information on retention times is to use the six month retention time."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.165, Table 10B.8(New)	Replaced "SOURCE OF METHANE FROM PRP EXCRETION DATA" with "Regional distribution of data used to derive MCF and methane EF from excretion volatiles solids data on PRP "
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.165, Table 10B.9(New)	Replaced "N source" with "Livestock species"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.168	Corrected to "EFs for direct N2O emissions"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.168	Corrected to "For the absolute values of CH4-C emission values"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.168	Corrected to "Estimation of default values emission factors for MCFs, CH4 values, EFs for direct N2O emissions, NH3 and N2 volatilised as well as, NO3 leacheding and N2 emissions from solid storage and composting systems"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.169	Corrected to "values compared to solid storage are trying to reflect results"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.169	Corrected to "CH4 emittedcoming from solid storage"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.169	Corrected to "by the 2006 IPCC Guidelines(2006) not shown here,; Figure S3b in Pardo et al. (2015)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.169	Corrected to "Pardo et al., 2015)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.170	Corrected to "excpept"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.170	Corrected to "Moral et al. (2012),. Systems"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.170	Corrected to "Review onf the effect of slurry store solid covers and natural crust ion emissions of CH4 and N2O"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.170	Corrected to "(Fig. 10AB.715)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.170	Corrected to "EFs from EMEP/EEA (2016)EF values"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.170	Corrected to "EMEP/EEACORINAIR (2016)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.170	Corrected to "conventional solid manure storage and other systems definedcategories present in both in IPCC gGuidelines and EMEP/EEA (2016)CORINAIR guidelines have been taken from current EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebookCORINAIR (2016)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.171	Corrected to "stores._11"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.171	Corrected to "Misselbrook et al. 2016)."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.171	Corrected to "the IPCC 2006 IPCC Guidelines state that by judgement of the IPCC Expert Group, a reduction of 40 percent due to crust cover (40 percent) may be applied when a thick, dry, crust is present."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.171	Corrected to "2019 Rrefinement"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.171	Corrected to "emncompass" should be "encompass".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.171	Corrected to "large range of N2O emissions from a 50 percent reduction to a 100 percent increase in N2O emissions when slurry stores are covered"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.172, References	Corrected to "IPCC2006 AFRC (1995)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.172, References	Corrected to "animal 12(2):1-15."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.172, References	Corrected to "CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.172, References	Corrected to "O'connor J.D."and to "Van Ssoest P.J." and to "diets: III.3."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.172, References	Corrected to "IPCC, FAO, IFAD (2015). Emerging activities to combat climate change – use of FAO data and IPCC GHG Inventory Guidelines for Agriculture and Land Use. In: Report of the joint FAO-IPCC-IFAD Expert Meeting, eEds:. FN Tubiello, F.N., T Neeff, T., K Tanabe, K., J Baasansuren, J., M Fukuda, M.. Report of the joint FAO-IPCC-IFAD Expert Meeting, Pub.Japan: IGES, Japan."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.172, References	Corrected to "Australian Centre for International Aagricultural Research (ACIAR)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.172, References	Corrected to "No. 10. ,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.172, References	Corrected to "6th Ed. ."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.172, References	Corrected to "Chaves A.V., Thompson L.C., Iwaasa A.D., Scott S.L., Olson M.E., Benchaar C., Veira D.M., McAllister T.A.et al. (2006) Effect of pasture type (alfalfa vs. grass) on methane and carbon dioxide production by yearling beef heifers"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.172, References	"National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine" corrected to: "National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine" (also p. 30).
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.173, References	Corrected to "Dougherty H.C., Kebreab E., Evered M., Little B.A., Ingham A.B., Nolan J.V., Hegarty R.S., Pacheco D., McPhee M.J, et al. (2017)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.174, References	Corrected to "Ellis J.L., Dijkstra J., Bannink A., Kebreab E., Archibeque S., Benchaar C., Beauchemin K.A., Nkrumah J.D., France J.et al. (2014)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.174, References	Corrected to "Ellis J.L., Kebreab E., Odongo N.E., Beauchemin K., McGinn S., Nkrumah J.D., Moore S.S., Christopherson R., Murdoch G.K., McBride B.W., Okine E.K., France J.et al. (2009)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.174, References	Corrected to "animal (1):68-771-10"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.174, References	Corrected to "Fiorentini G., Carvalho I.P.C., Messana J.D., Castagnino P.S., Berndt A., Canesin R.C., Frighetto R.T.S. and Berchielli T.T,et al. (2014)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.174, References	Corrected to "Hales, K E., Jaderborg J.P., Crawford G.I., DiCostanzo A., Spiehs M.J., Brown-Brandl T.M., Freetly H.Cet al. (2015)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.175, References	Corrected to "Hassanat F., Gervais R., Julien C., Massé D.I., Lettat A., Chouinard P.Y., Petit H.V., Benchaar Cet al. (2013)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.176, References	Corrected to "O'Kiely P.O."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.176, References	Corrected to "Mills J.A.N., Kebreab E., Yates C.M., Crompton L.A., Cammell S.B., Dhanoa M.S., Agnew R.E., France Jet al. (2003)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.176, References	Corrected to "Neglia G., Balestrieri A., Gasparrini B., Cutrignelli M.I., Bifulco G., Salzano A., Cimmino R., D 'occhio M., Campanile Jet al. (2014)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.176, References	Corrected to "Sabia E., Napolitano F., Claps S., Braghieri A., Piazzolla N., POacelli C. (2015) Feeding , Nutrition and Sustainability in Dairy Enterprises : The Case of Mediterranean Buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis )."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.177, References	Corrected to "lactating dairy cows1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.177, References	Corrected to "Troy S.M., Duthie C.A., Hyslop J.J., Roehe R., Ross D.W., Wallace R.J., Waterhouse A., Rooke J.Aet al. (2015)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.177, References	Corrected to "Vyas D., Alazzeh A., McGinn S.M., McAllister T.A., O M., Harstad, Holo H., Beauchemin K.Aet al. (2016a)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.178, References	Corrected to "{Austrian}, {Danish} and {German}"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.179, References	Corrected to "145 Kkg 1."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.179, References	Added reference: "Chiba, L.I., 2009. Animal Nutrition Handbook, Arkansas University"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.179, References	Corrected to "MacLeod M., Gerber P., Mottet A., Tempio G., Falcucci A., Opio C., Vellinga T., Henderson, B., Steinfeld, Het al. (2013) Greenhouse gas emissions from pig and chicken supply chains – A global life cycle assessment. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.180, References	Corrected to "(ALL, REFERENCES NEWLY CITED IN THE 2019 REFINEMENT)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.180, References	Corrected to "MacLeod M.J., Vellinga T., Opio C., Falcucci A., Tempio G., Henderson B., Makkar H., Mottet, A., Robinson, T., Steinfeld, H., Gerber, Pet al. (2017) Invited review: A position on the Global Livestock Environmental Assessment Model (GLEAM). animal 12(2):1-15."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.181, References	Corrected to "Intergovernmental Oanel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2006) 2006, IPCC Guidelines. 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Prepared by the National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Eggleston H.S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T. and Tanabe K. (eds). Published: IGES, Japan12."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.181, References	Corrected to "N2O".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.181, References	Corrected to "Ethiopia. 43."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.181, References	Corrected to "Methane Conversion Factors (MCFs) factors"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.181, References	Corrected to "Livestock Research for Rural Development": 22(8)."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.181, References	Corrected to "Rösemann C., Haenel H.-D. H., Dämmgen U., Freibauer A., Wulf S., Eurich-Menden B., Döhler H., Schreiner C., Osterburg Bet al. (2017)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.182, References	Corrected to "modeling1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.183, References	Corrected to "El-Asheeri E., Amal .K. (2012) Economic Rreteurn of Ffattening Baladi and Bbuffalo Ccalves Uunder Pprevailing Ssystem in Egypt. J.Animal and Poultry Prod., Mansoura Univ 3: 21-28."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.183, References	Corrected to "Batosarnma J.TA. (2006) Potentials and application of reproduction technologies of water buffaloes in iIndonesia,. Iin: proc. International Seminar on Artificial Reproductive Biotechnologies for Buffaloes 2006, pp. 5-7. Bogor, Indonesia."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.183, References	Replaced "M.Sc. thesis.:" with "Tesis de Maestría"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.183, References	Replaced "Australian Government Department of Climate Change (2006) Australian Methodology for the estimation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks 2006: Agriculture.: Australian Government - Department of Climate Change" with "Australian Government (2007) Australian methodology for the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions and sinks 2006. Agriculture. (National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Committee, Australian Government: Canberra)".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.183, References	Corrected to "Basra M.J., Nisa M., Khan M.A., Riaz M., Tuqeer N.A., Saeed M.N. (2003) Nili-Ravi Buffalo III . Energy and Protein Requirements of 126 – 159 Months Old Calves. International Journal of Agriculture&Biology 5: 382-383."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.184, References	Corrected to "Dobladero , Veracruz."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.184, References	Corrected to "Boro P., Naha B.C., Prakash C., Madkar A., Kumar N., Kumari A., Channa G.PN K. (2016)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.185, References	Corrected to "Dairy Technical Working Group. (2015) Review of the methods and data used to estimate dairy cattle emissions in the national inventory. A report to Department of the Environment, Australia. In.".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.185, References	Corrected to "Chowdhry N.RW. (2007) Production system analysis of Tharparkar cattle in its breeding tract. PhD tThesis, Deemed University,: Division of dairy cattle breeding. National Ddairy Rresearch Iinstitute, Karnal, Haryana, India."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.185, References	Corrected to "Corbet N.J., Shepherd R.K., Burrow H.M., van der Westhuize J., E. S.P., J. B.DStrydom P.E., Bosman D.J. (2006)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.185, References	Corrected to "Cui D., Wang X., Wang L., Wang X., Zhang J., Qin Z., Li J., et al Yang Z. (2014) The administration of Sheng Hua Tang immediately arfter delivery to reduce the incidence of retained placenta in Holstein dairy cows"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.185, References	Corrected to "Ffederation"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.185, References	Corrected to "P.B. H." to read as: "Hedge, P.B."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.186, References	Corrected to "Developing Countries.,"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.186, References	Corrected to "Tanzania. ."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.186, References	Deleted "Department of Animal Husbandry D.a.F. (2013) Estimated Livestock Population Breed Wise Based on Breed Survey 2013. In: New Delhi." Since it is a duplication of "Breeding survey book (2013) Estimated Livestock Population Breed Wise Based on Breed Survey 2013, New Delhi: Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Government of India."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.186, References	Corrected to "Elrshied I., Ishag A.I. (2015) Body Weight and Growth Rate of Crossbred ( F1 ) Beef Cattle ( Red Angus and Simmental with Local Cattle ) Introduction :. In. Presentation. University OF Khartoum Faculty OF Animal Production."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.186, References	Corrected to "Dezfuli B.T., Mashayekhi B., Kordnejad E., Mansori H., Alboshoke N. (2010) Designing special weight tape for Khuzestani buffaloes, Ahwaz, Islamic Republic of Iran: Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Khuzestan"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.186, References	Corrected to "Essien A. (2003) Heterosis for birth weight in N ' dama F 1 crossbred calves in South western Nigeria. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 15."
Corrected to: "FRederation"	Corrected to "FRederation"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.187, References	Corrected to "In: Benjing, China: FAO."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.187, References	Corrected to "FAO. (2003)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.187, References	Corrected to "Global Agro-Ecological Zones"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.187, References	Corrected to "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.187, References	Corrected to "FAOao (2017) World Animal Review http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/X6512E/X6512E22.htm\#ch22. URL http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/X6512E/X6512E22.htm\#ch22".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.187, References	Corrected to "End Market Analysis of Kenyan Livestock and Meat: A Desk Study. USAIDsaid 1-35."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.187, References	Corrected to "under field conditions"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.188, References	Corrected to "wh en"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.188, References	Removed the duplicate of "Universidade de São Paulo, 2008"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.188, References	Corrected to "Kibklalo L.I."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.190, References	Corrected to "Khan D.A. (2011) Crossbreeding Cattle Breeding Policy and Action Plan. Report of FAnGR Pakistan. In."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.191, References	Corrected to "Landes M., Cessna J., Lindsay Kuberka L., Jones K. (2017) India’s Dairy Sector: Structure, Performance, and Prospects. Economic Research Service/USDA report"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.191, References	Corrected to "Djajanegara A., Diwyanto K. (2002) Development Strategies for Genetic Evaluation of Beef Production in Indonesia. In: Development Strategies for Genetic Evaluation for Beef Production in Developing Countries. Proceedings of an International Workshop held in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, July 23–28 2001, eds. J Allen, A Na-Chiangmai, p. 180."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.192, References	Corrected to "survey_of brucellosis".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.192, References	Corrected to "Prod uctive ," and "Stayab ility".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.192, References	Corrected to "Ma H., L. , Oxley L., Rae A., C. R., Fan CJ., Huang J., Rozelle S. R. (2012) The evolution of productivity performance on China’s dairy farms in the new millennium. J. Dairy Sci. 95(12)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.192, References	Corrected to "Agricultural Economics Research Review"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.192, References	Corrected to "Kazama R. K. (2007)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.192, References	Corrected to "Response of male buffalo calves to differentce levels of energy and protein in finishing diets"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.192, References	Corrected to "National dDairy Rresearch iInstitute, Karnal (Deemed university)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.192, References	Corrected to "Abou-Fandoud E.I., Mohamed  I.A.S A. (2001)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.192, References	Corrected to "Mahmoudzadeh H., Fazaeli H. (2009) Growth response of yearling buffalo male calves to different dietary energy levels"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.193, References	Corrected to "Musa A.M., Elamin K.M., Mohammed S.A., Abdalla H.O. (2011) Morphometric Traits As Indicators for Body Weight in Sudanese Kenana Cattle. Online Journal of Animal and Feed Research 1: 218-222."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.193, References	Corrected to "Dairy development in Kkenya. Food and Aagriculture Oorganization of the Uunited Nnations. pp 1-52"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.193, References	Corrected to "Turkey the Republic of Turkey"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.193, References	Corrected to "Tthe Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) - Production and Research"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.193, References	Corrected to "Ministry of Llivestock and Ffisheries Ddevelopment"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.193, References	Corrected to "Environmental Research Letters 8."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.194, References	Corrected to "Ministry of Agriculture, Ffood and Fforestry of Republic of Bulgaria"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.194, References	Corrected to "Nell A.J. (2006) Quick scan of the livestock and meat sector in Ethiopia: iIssues and opportunities., Wageningen: Wageningen University and Research Centre"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.194, References	Corrected to "Bulletin of Irkutsk sState aAgrarian uUniversity named after Ezhevskiy"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.195, References	Corrected to "Pico B.A., Neser F., van Wyk J.B. (2004) Estimation of gGenetic parameters for growth traits in Ssouth Aafrican Bbrahman cattle. JasSouth African Journal Of Animal Science 34: 44-46."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.195, References	Corrected to "Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research=".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.196, References	Corrected to "Rahman A., Islam M., Khan S., Ahmad S. A., Khattak T.A., Rahman U R.A., UddDin S. U., et al Zeb K. (2012)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.197, References	Corrected to "Roy D., Kumar V., Kumar MV., Sirohi R., Singh Y., Singh J.K. (2016)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.197, References	Corrected to "J. Dairying Foods and H.S. 25: 129-132"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.197, References	Corrected to "Swamp bu ff alo keeping – an out-dated farming activity: A case study in smallholder farming systems in Xishuangbanna , Yunnan Province , PR China. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.197, References	Corrected to "N ' dDama"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.197, References	Corrected to "Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi Aa."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.198, References	Corrected to "Junaidu1 A.U."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.198, References	Replced: "Zusammenfassung" with ". Archiv fur Tierzucht"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.198, References	Corrected to "Kawther A.M."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.199, References	Corrected to "Statistics Botswana (2016) Annual Agricultural Survey report 2014., ed. SaPD(??) Annual Agricultural Survey report 2014. Agricultural Statistics Section. Ministry of Agriculture Department of Research, Statistics and Policy Development. Statistics Botswana"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.199, References	Corrected to "Journal of Ttekirdag Agricultural Faculty"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.199, References	Corrected to "Carbon footprint and ammonia emissions of California beef production systems1"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.199, References	Corrected to "Selected Results of Livestock Survey. Statistical Centre of Iran"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.200, References	Corrected to "Province , RSA".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.200, References	Corrected to "Potential of swamp buffalo development in Central Java. Indonesia"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.200, References	Corrected to "Bio Ddiversitas AS"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.200, References	Corrected to "Thombre B.M., Shikalga R.N.S., Bainwad D.V. (2015) Performance and Colour Pattern of Khillar Cattle on Organized Farm. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 8(4): 04-05 // DOI: 10.9790/2380-08420405"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.201, References	Corrected to "Tonhati H., Cerón-Muñoz M.F.C., de Oliveira J.A., Duarte J.M.C., Furtado T.P., Tseimazides S.P. (2000) Parâmetros Ggenéticos para a Pprodução de Lleite, Ggordura e Pproteína em Bubalinos"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.201, References	Corrected to "Tuyen D.K. (2009) Buffalo Production Situation in Vietnam and Development Plan to 2020. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. pp".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.201, References	Corrected to "Ulaş D. (2016) Fat depression in milk obtained from Simmental and native ( Yerli Kara ) cows in first month of postpartum period. 6655Int. J. Biosci. 9: 125-128."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.201, References	Corrected to "Fodder and feeding practices of cattle and sheep in Kashmir (India). Tropical Agricultural Rresearch and Eextension"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.202, References	Corrected to "National Ddairy Rresearch Iinstitute"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.202, References	Corrected to "Darfur - Livelihoods under Siege. Feinstein International Famine Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA. pp"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.202, References	Corrected to "10B.2 Estimation of Cattle/Buffalo CH4 conversion factors (Ym)"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.203, References	Corrected to "The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 83: 63-66"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.203, References	Corrected to "Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.204, References	Corrected to "Effects of feeding level on nutrient digestibility and enteric methane production in growing goats (Capra hircus hircus) and Sika deer (Cervus nippon hortulorum). Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 31:1238-1243."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.204, References	Corrected to "| Lī | Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias 23." to read as: "Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias 23: 444-450."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.205, References	Corrected to "FonollÁa J."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.205, References	Corrected to "한국초지조사료학회지 Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.206, References	Removed duplication of article and journal title in: "Wang L., Xue B. (2015)".
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.206, References	Corrected to "O'connor" and to "3III"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.206, References	Removed "e0160198-e0160198"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.206, References	Corrected to "Appuhamy J.A.D.R.N., Moraes L.E., Wagner-Riddle C., Casper D.P., Kebreab E. (2018) Predicting manure volatile solid output of lactating dairy cows. in press. J. Dairy. Sci. 101: 820-829.
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.207, References	Corrected to "Methane emissions from dairy lagoons in the western United States. Journal of Dairy Science 100: 6785-6803"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.207, References	Corrected to "Psychrophilic Anaerobic-Digestion of Animal Manure: - Proposed Design Methodology"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.208, References	Corrected to "Revision of methaneMCFs from dung deposited onto pasture, range and paddocks"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.208, References	Corrected to "Animal Production Science [Published online: 20 April 2016]58: 1094-1099"
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.208, References	Corrected to "Saggar S., Clark H., Hedley C., Tate K., Carran A., Cosgrove G. (2003) Methane emissions from animal dung and waste management systems, and its contribution to the national methane budget. A report  Landcare Research Contract Report: LC0301/02. Pprepared for the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry: New Zealand. 39. Draft July 2003. In: p. 56. Landcare Research; AgResearch."
Volume 4, Chapter 10, page 10.209, References	Corrected to "N 2"
Vol4_Ch10_ MCF_Calculation-Spreadsheet.xlsx	Corrected to "Expert Jjudgement"
Vol4_Ch10_ MCF_Calculation-Spreadsheet.xlsx	Corrected to (Rennie et al. 2017.)
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.5	Corrected to "production of N2O"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.5	Corrected to "synthetic N fertilisers_(FSN);"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.6, Footnote 3	Deleted "(FAO, 1998)" at the end of the text
Volume 4, Chapter 11, pages 11.5-20, Footnotes 1, 11, 13, 14, 16	Corrected to "Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.7	Corrected to "See guidance in 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:Wetlands (Wetlands Supplement), Chapter 2, Table 2.5."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.7	Corrected to "different conditions iI"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.8, Equation 11.2	Corrected to "i = 1, …n."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.8, Figure 11.1	Corrected to "NH3 and NOX from agricultural and non-agricultural sources, deposition of these gases and their products NH4+ and NO3-, and consequent indirect emissions of N2O are also illustrated"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.11, Footnote 8	Corrected to: "The value of EF1 draws"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.11, Footnote 9	Corrected to "Figure 3.A.5.1"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.11	Corrected to "Tier 3 Model-based Accounting  Ssystem is given in Chapter 2, Section 2.5 of this volume"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.12, Table 11.1(Update)	Corrected to "Dry climates occur"; "Figure 3.A.5.1" should be Figure 3A.5.1"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.12, Table 11.1(Update)	Corrected to "Figure 3.A.5.1"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.12, Table 11.1(Update)	Corrected upper bound of uncertainty range for EF3PRP,CPP of wet and dry climates to 0.027 and 0.007 respectively
Volume 4, Chapter 11, pages 11.12, 27, Tables 11.1(Update) & 11.3(Update)	Corrected the uncertainty ranges to 0.002-0.018 for both EF1 and EF4.
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.12, Footnote 10	Corrected to "See Annex 11A.4".
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.13, Footnote 10	Corrected to "See Annex 11A.4"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.14, Equation 11.5	Corrected to "annual amount of urine and dung N deposited on pasture, range, paddock and by grazing animals"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.15, Equation 11.6	Corrected to "(TIER 1)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.15, Equation 11.6	Corrected to "BGR(T)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.15, Equation 11.6	Corrected to "Equation N2O(ATD) = N2)(ATD)-N * 44/28 AGR(T) = AGDM(T)*Area(T)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.15	Corrected to "(direct emissions of N2O from residue burning are addressed under Chapter 2, Section 2.4)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.15	Corrected to "Non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from biomass Field Bburning of Agricultural Residue” (3F CRF category – Volume 4, Chapter 5 Section 5.2.4)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.15	Corrected to "Equation 10.34 in “Managed manure N available for application to managed soils, feed, fuel or construction uses” (Volume 4, Chapter 10, Section 10.5.4)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, pages 11.15, Footnotes 13, 14	Corrected to "previous the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.18, Table 11.1a(New)	Corrected to "A list of the original references is given in Annex 11A.1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.18, Table 11.1a(New)	Corrected to "then data are derived from Vangessel & Renner 1990"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.18, Table 11.1a(New)	Corrected to "2000 IPCC Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (GPG2000)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.18, Table 11.1a(New)	Corrected to "Chapter 4, Table 4.16 for R AG(T) (residue/crop product ratio) except forages, grasses and grass-clover mixes, which are from the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, Chapter 11, Table 11.2,"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.18, Table 11.1a(New)	Moved note c to "grass/clover mix"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.18, Table 11.2(Updated)	Corrected to "Annex 11A.1 of the 2006 IPCC Guidelines"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.20, Equation 11.8	Corrected to "Note: for Approach 1 for land representation, ∆Cmineral, LU will have a single value for all land-uses and management systems. Using Approaches 2 or 3 for land representation the value for ΔCmineral, LU will be disaggregated by individual land-use and/or management systems"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.20	Corrected to "SOM and N2O emission.)."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.21	Corrected to "in this Cchapter"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.21	Corrected to "of this Vvolume"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.21	Corrected to "No Rrefinement."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.21, Step 3	Corrected to "Step 3: For Approach 1 for land representation, the value for FSOM is calculated in a single step. For Approaches 2 or 3 for land representation, FSOM is calculated by summing across all land-uses and/or management system types (LU)”
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.22	Corrected to "on which Ttier method to use"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.23, Figure 11.3	Corrected to "Frac,GASM"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.24	Corrected to "Table 11.43"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.25, Equation 11.11	Deleted "Note: If a country is able to estimate the quantity of N mineralised from drainage/management of organic soils then include this as one of the N inputs into the Tier 2 modification of Equation 11.10" cannot pertain to equation 11.11 since Nitorgen from mineralization of SOM of mineral soils is not part of the equation so N mineralized from organic soils cannot be part too"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, pages 11.25, Footnote 22	Corrected to "Figure 3.A.5.1"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.25	Corrected to "Tier 3 Model-based Accounting  Ssystem"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.25	Corrected to "According to Equations 11.1, 11.910 and 11.101"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.26, Table 11.3(Updated)	Corrected to "Emission fFactor"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.26, Table 11.3(Updated)	Moved Table 11.3(Updated) to Section 11.2.2.2
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.27, Table 11.3(Updated)	Corrected to "The disaggregated EF4 are the same as the EF1 disaggregated by wet and dry climates (see Table 2A-1.2 in Annex11A.2)".
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.27, Table 11.3(Updated)	Corrected to "DEFAULT EMISSION, VOLATILISATION AND LEACHING FACTORS FOR INDIRECT SOIL N2O EMISSIONS"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.27, Table 11.3(Updated)	Corrected to "Ep: pan evaporatio n".
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.27, Table 11.3(Updated)	Corrected to "Figure 3.A.5.1"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.27, Table 11.3(Updated)	Corrected to "Allen et al.,1998"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.28, Annex 11A.1	Corrected to "No Rrefinement."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.29, Annex 11A.2	Corrected to "2006 IPCC Gguidelines"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.29, Annex 11A.2	Corrected to "Irrigation was categorized as "Yyes" or "Nno"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.29, Annex 11A.2	Corrected to "Means for the fixed-effects were compared using the LSD Fisher test to evaluate significant differences among the disaggregated EF1 values, and only retain disaggregated values if significant. The confidence intervals for the predicted values from the linear mixed effect model was used to quantify uncertainty in the disaggregated EF1. The EF1 was disaggregated by climate and fertiliser with no distinction between fertiliser form in dry climates (EF1 Dry), but with a distinction between fertiliser form in wet climates (EF1 Wet O and EF1 Wet S + M) (see Results section and TABLE 11.1). Due to the imbalanced dataset between climates and fertiliser forms (76% in wet climate, 80% with synthetic plus mixed fertiliser form), the aggregated EF1 could not be estimated using a linear mixed-effect model. Instead, a balanced distribution was derived with a bootstrapping method in which 1000 values were randomly selected from the distribution of each of the disaggregated EF1 values (EF1 Dry, EF1 Wet O, EF1 Wet S + M). The estimate for the aggregated EF1 is the average from the resulting distribution and the confidence interval was derived based on the 2.5th to 97.5th percentile of the dataset (n = 3000)."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.30, Table 2A.1	Corrected to "kg N ha-1 period-1"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.30, Table 2A.1	Corrected to "EF1"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.30	Corrected to "= 1.6_percent"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.30	Corrected to "…with an uncertainty range of 0.2 - 1.8 percent)
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.31, Table 2A.2	Corrected to "EF1"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.31, Table 2A.2	Corrected to "Disaggregation by fertiliser form (S: Synthetic, O: Organic, M: Mixed S+O) in wet climate" and remove the duplicate at the bottom of the table
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.32	Corrected to "percentpercent"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.32	Corrected to "Only ‘continuous flooding(’) and ‘with single and multiple drainage’ regimes"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.32	Corrected to "Related to manureorganic or synthetic fertilizer treated with inhibitors"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.33	Corrected to "(see Fig. 3.3b in Volume 1, Chapter 3 ‘Uncertainties’)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.33	Corrected to "with 279 additional studies"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.33	Corrected to "On this basis, all artificial urine data were included, adding considerably more observations to the dataset (i.e., 6372 additional observations)."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.33	Corrected to "Disaggregated  and  aggregatedAggregated and disaggregated excreta EF3PRP values are shownprovided for cattle in Table 11.1, but only aggregated values are provided for sheep."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.34	Corrected to "sheep urine in dry climates"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.34	Corrected to "cattle urine in dry climates"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.35	Corrected to "volatilised"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.35	Corrected to "Bühlmann"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.35, Table 5A.1	Corrected to "RESULTS FROM REVIEW PAPERS OFON N ADDITION EXPERIMENTS INAT NON-AGRICULTURAL SITES"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.35, Table 5A.2	Corrected to "RESULTS FROM REVIEW PAPERS  OFON N2O EMISSIONS AND N DEPOSITION CONDUCTED AT NON-AGRICULTURAL SITES"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.35	Corrected to "EF does not exclude"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.36	Corrected to "groundwater)."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.36	Corrected to "excluded)."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.37	Corrected to "(Table A7A.1)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.37	Corrected to "(Table A7A.2)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.37, Table 7A.1	Removed "%" from values in column
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.38, Table 7A.3	Corrected to "EF values for NH3 emissions were compared with those obtained provided in Chapter 3, Table 3.2 of theusing the method to predict NH3 emissions in the current EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2016guidelines"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.38	Corrected to "TWO META-ANALYSEIS"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.38	Corrected to "(EMEP/EEA, 2016)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.38	Corrected to "Table 7A7.3"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.38	Corrected to "N applied)–1)".
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.38, Table 7A.3	Corrected to "EMEP/EEA guidelinesguidebook"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.38, Table 7A.3	Corrected to "uUrea".
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.38, Table 7A.3	Corrected to "Percentage Lost as N (%) lost as N" and Remove "%" from values in column
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.39	Corrected to "The difference between mean EF for cattle and sheep excreta wasere negligible"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.39	Corrected to "We collected review papers(Di & Cameron 2002; Cai & Akiyama 2016) and original papers on N leaching/runoff for this  analysis"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.39, Table 8A.1	Corrected to "EMISSION FACTORS FOR NH3–N AND NOX-N (N APPLIED OR DEPOSITED) –1) FROM MANURE OR SLURRY APPLICATION AND EXCRETA PATCHES"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.40	Corrected to "lysimeters"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.41, References	Corrected to "Science of The Total Environment 603-604: 370-380.
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.42, References	Corrected to "measurement data. ."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.42, References	Corrected to "European Environment Agency. (2016)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.42, References	Corrected to "non-CO2".
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.42, References	Corrected to "Journal of Agricultural Science 131(3): 309-32019"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.42, References	Corrected to "Sanz-Coben, a. A."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.43, References	Corrected to "the CO2 sink may be largely offset by stimulated N2O and CH4 emission".
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.43, References	Corrected to "DCD and DMPP. ."
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.44, References	Deleted "(Supplement C)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.45, References	Corrected to "Ward, G. N., Kelly, K. B. & Hollier, J. W. (20168)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.45, References	Corrected to "Van der Weerden, T.J., Cox, N., Luo, J., Di, H. J., Podolyan, A., Phillips, R.L., Saggar, S., Dde Klein, C.A.M., Ettema, P. & Rys, G. (2016) Refining the New Zealand nitrous oxide emission factor for urea fertiliser and farm dairy effluent. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 222: 133-137"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.45, References	Corrected to "Eur J Soil Sci 61(6) 903-913"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.45, References	Corrected to "Nat Geosci 10: 279-2836"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.46, References	Corrected to "Disssolved"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.46, References	Corrected to "Butterbach-Bahl, K., Gasche, R., Breuer, L., and Papen, H. (1997)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.46, References	Corrected to "Denier van der Gon, H. Aand Bleeker, A. (2005)"
Volume 4, Chapter 11, page 11.46, References	Corrected to "Flechard, C. R., Ambus, P., Skiba, U. M., Rees, R. M., Hensen, A., van Amstel, A., Pol-van Dasselaar, A. V., Soussana, J. F., Jones, M., Clifton-Brown, J., Raschi, A., Horvath, L., Neftel, A., Jocher, M., Ammann, C., Leifeld, J., Fuhrer, J., Calanca, P., Thalman, E., Pilegaard, K., Di Marco, C., Campbell, C., Nemitz, E., Hargreaves, K. J., Levy, P. E., Ball, B. C., Jones, S. K., van de Bulk, W. C. M., Groot, T., Blom, M., Domingues, R., Kasper, G., Allard, V., Ceschia, E., Cellier, P., Laville, P., Henault, C., Bizouard, F., Abdalla, M., Williams, Baronti, S., Berretti, F., Grosz, B. (2007) Effects of climate and management intensity on nitrous oxide emissions in grassland systems across Europe. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 121: 135–152."
Volume 5
correction implemented
Volume 5, Chapter 2, page 2.12, Table 2.3 (Updated)	Values for for Southern Europe corrected to  Food waste: 37.1; Garden (yard) and park waste: 2.2; Paper and cardboard: 19.2; Wood: 1.4; Textiles: 3.2;  Nappies (disposable diapers): 1.1; Rubber and leather: 0.2; Plastics: 11.8; Metal: 1.9; Glass (and pottery and china): 3.6;  Other: 18.3;
Volume 5, Chapter 2, page 2.31, Table 2A.2 (New)	Values for Italy corrected to  Food waste: 21.9 / Garden (yard) and park waste: 5.6 / Paper and cardboard: 23.9 / Wood: 1.6 / Textiles: 3.0 / Nappies (disposable diapers): 0.0 / Rubber and leather: 0.0 / Plastics: 11.8 / Metal: 2.3 / Glass (and pottery and china): 6.4 / Other: 23.5 / Sources: 75
Volume 5, Chapter 2, page 2.31, Table 2A.2 (New)	Values for Southern Europe corrected to  Food waste: 37.1; Garden (yard) and park waste: 2.2; Paper and cardboard: 19.2; Wood: 1.4; Textiles: 3.2;  Nappies (disposable diapers): 1.1; Rubber and leather: 0.2; Plastics: 11.8; Metal: 1.9; Glass (and pottery and china): 3.6;  Other: 18.3;
Volume 5, Chapter 6, page 6.17, Equation 6.1a (New)	The unit for “CH4 emissions in inventory year” corrected to "Gg CH4/yr"
Volume 5, Chapter 6, page 6.62, Table 6.8a(New)	The range for “septic tank + land dispersal field” corrected to “0-0.005.”
Volume 5, Chapter 6, page 6.42	Corrected "0" to "1" in the text "The default for this fraction is 1.25 for centralised treatment and 0 for decentralised treatment systems (septic system, latrines, discharge)".
Volume 5, Chapter 6, page 6.62, Table 6A.5	The N2O emission factor for the AO system (Rodriguez-Caballero et al. 2014) corrected to 0.00116.
Volume 5, Chapter 6, page 6.62, Table 6A.5	The value for N2O emission factor (kg N2O-N/kg N) for Plug flow treatment process, Ahn et al.(2010), corrected from 0.0062 to 0.0036.
Volume 5, Chapter 6, page 6.62, Table 6A.5	The value for N2O emission factor (kg N2O-N/kg N) for Step-feed non-BNR treatment process, Ahn et al. 2010), corrected from 0.0018 to 0.010.
Volume 5, Chapter 6, page 6.62, Table 6A.5	The value for N2O emission factor (kg N2O-N/kg N) for Plug flow treatment process, Ahn et al.(2010) corrected from 0.004 to 0.0041.
19R_V5_Waste_Model.xls	Corrected to - MCF worksheet, Equations for calculation of weighted average MCFs for Municipal solid waste (cell X) and Industrial waste (cell Y) corrected to reflect the updates on MCFs made in the 2019 Refinement. - MSW worksheet:    -“Managed well–active-aeration” in cell R10 corrected to “Managed poorly–active-aeration”.    - DOCf (cell H7) corrected to refer to bulk waste value. - Industry worksheet, DOCf (cell I7) corrected to refer to bulk waste value. - Defaults worksheet:    - Default value for Polynesia input in cell AF29 as provided in Table 2.1 (Updated) in page 2.7 and Table 2A.1 (Updated) in page 2.26 of Chapter 2, Volume 5 of the 2019 Refinement.    - “Oceania: Polenesia” in cell V29 corrected to “Oceania: Polynesia”.    - Cell AH22 corrected to blank, consequently:       -  the average value of Regional Average DOC (wt fraction) in cell AH33 correct to 0.14       -  the DOC value for Bulk MSW in cell P17 correct to 0.14 and its range in cell Q17 correct to 0.08-0.17    - cell range of the formula that references to Table “IPCC regional default values for waste composition, waste generation, and fraction disposed”, corrected as in the attached revised version of the IPCC Waste Model - Instructions worksheet:    - corrected to: "(1) “Managed – semi-aerobic” category in MCF worksheet is split into “Managed well – semi-aerobic” and “Managed poorly – semi-aerobic” which correspond to MCF of 0.5 and 0.7, respectively. (2) New categories of solid waste disposal sites are added in MCF worksheet: “Managed – well active-aeration” and “Managed poorly –active-aeration” which correspond to MCF of 0.4 and 0.7, respectively. (3) Default DOCf values are added for less, moderate and highly decomposable waste types in Parameters worksheet and reflected in Food, Garden, Paper, Wood, Textile, Nappies and Sludge worksheets. (4) Regional default values of Percent waste composition, Generation rate, Fraction of MSW disposed to SWDS and Regional average DOC are updated in Defaults worksheet. (5) Drop-down list for region in Parameters worksheet is updated."    -  added: "Where no updated default values are provided (e.g., Fraction of MSW disposed to SWDS and Regional Average DOC) in Table IPCC Regional Default Values for Waste Composition, Waste Generation, and Fraction Disposed in worksheet "Defaults" of the Waste model [i.e. no data in Table 2A.1 (Updated) and Table 2A.2 (New) of the 2019 Refinement], users are encouraged to use country-specific data OR can use the values provided in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines if country-specific data are not available."

 

 

 

 

Sandro FEDERICI
Head, Technical Support Unit

IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories

July 2023